Philosophy in Medieval India

Philosophy in Medieval India
The major religious movements were brought about by the mystics. They contributed to
the religious ideas and beliefs. Bhakti saints like Vallabhacharya, Ramanuja, Nimbaraka
brought about new philosophical thinking which had its origin in Shankaracharya’s advaita
(non-dualism) philosophy.

Vishistadvaita of Ramanujacharya
Vïshistadvaita means modified monism. The ultimate reality according to this philosophy
is Brahman (God) and matter and soul are his qualities.
Sivadvaita of Srikanthacharya
According to this philosophy the ultimate Brahman is Shiva, endowed with Shakti. Shiva
exists in this world as well as beyond it.

Dvaita of Madhavacharya
The literal meaning of dvaita is dualism which stands in opposition to non-dualism and
monism of Shankaracharya. He believed that the world is not an illusion (maya) but a
reality full of differences.
Dvaitadvaita of Nimbaraka
Dvaitadvaita means dualistic monism. According to this philosophy God transformed
himself into world and soul. This world and soul are different from God (Brahman). They
could survive with the support of God only. They are separate but dependent.
Suddhadvaita of Vallabhacharya
Vallabhacharya wrote commentaries on Vedanta Sutra and Bhagavad Gita. For him.
Brahman (God) was Sri Krishna who manifested himself as souls and matter. God and
soul are not distinct, but one. The stress was on pure non-dualism. His philosophy came to
be known as Pushtimarga (the path of grace) and the school was called Rudrasampradaya.

new vaccine for malaria is up to 100% effective

A new vaccine for malaria is up to 100% effective when assessed at 10 weeks after last dose, according to the results of a clinical trial.

The vaccine called Sanaria PfSPZ-CVac incorporated fully viable — not weakened or otherwise inactivated — malaria pathogens together with the medication to combat them.

Malaria parasites are transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes.

The Plasmodium falciparum parasite is responsible for most malaria infections and almost all deaths caused by the disease worldwide.

Most of the previous vaccines which have been tried involved the use of individual molecules found in the pathogen. However, they were unable to provide sufficient immunity to the disease.

The study by University of Tubingen in Germany in collaboration with the biotech company Sanaria involved 67 healthy adult test persons, none of whom had previously had malaria.

The best immune response was shown in a group of nine test persons who received the highest dose of the vaccine three times at four-week intervals.

At the end of the trial, all nine of these individuals had 100% protection from the disease.

“That protection was probably caused by specific T-lymphocytes and antibody responses to the parasites in the liver,” said Professor Peter Kremsner.

The researchers analysed the bodies’ immune reactions and identified protein patterns which will make it possible to further improve malaria vaccines, Professor Kremsner added.

They injected live malaria parasites into the test subjects, at the same time preventing the development of the disease by adding chloroquine — which has been used to treat malaria for many years.

This enabled the researchers to exploit the behaviour of the parasites and the properties of chloroquine.

Once the person is infected, the Plasmodium falciparum parasite migrates to the liver to reproduce.

Malaria only breaks out when the pathogen leaves the liver, entering the bloodstream and going into the red corpuscles, where it continues to reproduce and spread.

As soon as the pathogen enters the bloodstream, however, it can be killed by chloroquine — and the disease cannot break out.

“By vaccinating with a live, fully active pathogen, it seems clear that we were able to set of a very strong immune response,” said study leader Benjamin Mordmueller.

“Additionally, all the data we have so far indicate that what we have here is relatively stable, long-lasting protection,” said Mr. Mordmueller.

In the group of test persons who demonstrated 100% protection after receiving a high dose three times, Mr. Mordmueller said, the protection was reliably still in place after ten weeks — and remained measurable for even longer.

The research was published in the journal Nature.

UKPCS’16 MAINS TEST SERIES

UKPCS’16 MAINS TEST SERIES 

For those who has already prepared but want to improve and continue preparation with discipline.
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UPSC (IAS)’17 Prelims Test Series ,samveg ias dehradun

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ABOUT UKPCS -2012 MAINS RESULT

ABOUT UKPCS -2012 MAINS RESULT

It has been more than a year of ukpcs'12 mains exam.Irony is that UKPSC has no time table /scheme that they can share with candidate so that they can manage their preparation.Candidate has to speculate all the time and rely on various remours about the date of result in place of focusing on preparation.
UKPSC should take notice of this issue in larger interest of student of uttarakhand so that they can competed in upsc as well as in ukpsc.

Possibility of result in february are very high because of 4 reasons

1) UKPSC secretary had said in media that ukpsc will declare mains result after ukpcs2016 prelims exam.
2)Uttarakhand high court has ordered that result of 90% can be declared
3) Election has been completed
4) Ukpsc should complete the final process before ukpcs'16 mains ie. preferably they should declare ukpcs mains2012 result before ukpcs 2016 pre result.(although it is not necessary,depends on ukpsc)

So dear friends ,lets wait,we can do nothing except waiting this time but in future ,candidates should enforce the newly elected government to introduce good governance agenda in ukpsc too at earliest in order to avoid ruining the career of candidates.

Isro’s record satellite launch to intensify global space war

Isro’s record launch of 104 satellites into orbit on Wednesday, the most in history, will cement its position as the dominant destination for low-cost launches

India’s space agency Indian Space Research Organization (Isro) put 104 satellites into orbit on Wednesday, the most in history, as it looks to cement its position as the dominant destination for low-cost launches.

The workhorse Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) carried nanosatellites from seven countries when it took off at 9:28am from Sriharikota, a tiny barrier island in Andhra Pradesh. These include 88 from San Francisco-based Planet Labs Inc. as well as others built by companies and universities in Israel, Kazakhstan, Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates.
At least one of these small satellites—the UAE’s Nayif —was meant to be launched on Space Exploration Technologies Corp.’s Falcon 9 rocket, which went up in flames in September. While Elon Musk has since returned to the skies, smaller and cheaper carriers are gaining popularity as companies hunger for more data and communication channels.

“It’s not just a record-setting mission, but further consolidation of the already well known technological prowess of the Indian space program,” said Susmita Mohanty, chief executive officer of Earth2Orbit, a Bangalore-based space start-up that helped Google Inc. launch a satellite on the PSLV last June. “The small-satellite launch market is growing at an alarming pace and this launch is a way to say that the PSLV is all set to respond to emerging-market demands.”

The 104 satellites will be used to map the Earth, track ships to monitor illegal fishing and piracy, as well as conduct microgravity experiments without making an expensive trip out to the International Space Station. The heaviest of them—India’s CartoSat-2D—weighs 714kg and the lightest—the Nayif—just 1.1kg.
Russia’s Dnepr mission held the record of 33 satellites launched in 2014, trailed by Nasa’s 29 the year before. India put 20 in orbit in 2016, until now its biggest ever single launch. There were 208 satellites launched in 2014, almost double the amount the year before.
Very small satellites are a niche enterprise, so while flight arranging outfits will book a SpaceX rocket for an intermediary carrier vehicle, SpaceX won’t deal directly with nanosat operators, said David Todd, head of space content at UK-based Seradata Ltd. However financing for small satellites is being significantly boosted by venture capital-funded start-ups and Isro’s rivals—such as Virgin Galactic Ltd.’s LauncherOne and Rocket Lab’s Electron—carry much smaller payloads of about 20 nanosatellites, he said.
“Multi-launches of nanosats might be a way in to the U.S. launch market for ISRO/Antrix,” Todd said, referring to the commercial unit of India’s space agency that has faced US sanctions on allegations its state-ownership gives it unfair advantages. “Other competitors are arriving, so India needs to grab market share during the current market window.”

Total foodgrains production in the country is estimated at record 271.98 MT

Total foodgrains production in the country is estimated at record 271.98 MT

Total production of Rice is estimated at record 108.86 mt

Production of Wheat, estimated at 96.64 million tonnes is also a record

Production of Coarse Cereals estimated at a new record level of 44.34 million tonnes

Total production of pulses during 2016-17 is estimated at record 22.14 million tonnes

 Total Oilseeds production in the country is estimated at record level of 33.60 million tonnes

2^nd Advance Estimates of production of major crops for 2016-17 released

The 2^nd Advance Estimates of production of major crops for 2016-17 have been released by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare on 15^th February, 2017. The assessment of production of different crops is based on the feedback received from States and validated with information available from other sources.

2.         As per 2^nd Advance Estimates, the estimated production of major crops during 2016-17 is as under:

Ø  Foodgrains  –  271.98 million tonnes (record)

·   Rice  –  108.86  million tonnes (record)

·   Wheat – 96.64 million tonnes (record)

·   Coarse Cereals  –  44.34 million tonnes (record)

·   Maize  –  26.15 million tonnes (record)

·   Pulses  –  22.14 million tonnes (record)

·   Gram – 9.12 million tonnes

·   Tur  –  4.23 million tonnes (record)

·   Urad  –  2.89 million tonnes (record)

Ø   Oilseeds  –  33.60 million tonnes (record)

·   Soyabean  –  14.13 million tonnes

·   Groundnut  –  8.47 million tonnes

·   Castorseed – 1.74 million tonnes

Ø   Cotton  –  32.51 million bales (of 170 kg each)

Ø   Sugarcane – 309.98 million tonnes

3.         As a result of very good rainfall during monsoon 2016 and various policy initiatives taken by the Government, the country has witnessed record foodgrain production in the current year. As per Second Advance Estimates for 2016-17, total Foodgrain production in the country is estimated at 271.98 million tonnes which is higher by 6.94 million tonnes than the previous record production of Foodgrain of 265.04 million tonnes achieved during 2013-14.   The current year’s production is also higher by 14.97 million tonnes than the previous five years’ (2011-12 to 2015-16) average production of Foodgrains. The current year’s production is significantly higher by 20.41 million tonnes than the last year’s foodgrain production.

4.         Total production of Rice is estimated at record 108.86 million tonnes which is also a new record.  This year’s Rice production is higher by 2.21 million tonnes than previous record production of 106.65 million tonnes achieved during 2013-14. It is also higher by 3.44 million tonnes than the five years’ average Rice production of 105.42 million tonnes. Production of rice has increased significantly by 4.45 million tonnes than the production of 104.41 million tonnes during 2015-16.  

5.         Production of Wheat, estimated at 96.64 million tonnes is also a record. This year’s wheat production is higher than the previous record production of 95.85 million tonnes achieved during 2013-14.  Production of Wheat during 2016-17 is also higher by 4.03 million tonnes than the average wheat production. The current year’s production is higher by 4.36 million tonnes as compared to Wheat production of 92.29 million tonnes achieved during 2015-16.

6.         Production of Coarse Cereals estimated at a new record level of 44.34 million tonnes is higher than the average production by 3.00 million tonnes.   It is higher than the previous record production of 43.40 million tonnes achieved during 2010-11 by 0.94 million tonnes. Current year’s production it is also higher by 5.82 million tonnes as compared to their production of 38.52 million tonnes achieved during 2015-16.    

7.         As a result of significant increase in the area coverage and productivity of all major Pulses, total production of pulses during 2016-17 is estimated at 22.14 million tonnes which is higher by 2.89 million tonnes than the previous record production of 19.25 million tonnes achieved during 2013-14.  Production of Pulses during 2016-17 is also higher by 4.50 million tonnes than their Five years’ average production. Current year’s production is higher by 5.79 million tonnes than the previous year’s production of 16.35 million tonnes. 

8.         With an increase of 8.35 million tonnes over the previous year, total Oilseeds production in the country is estimated at record level of 33.60 million tonnes. It is higher by 0.85 million tonnes than the previous record production of 32.75 million tonnes achieved during 2013-14. The production of Oilseeds during 2016-17 is also higher by 4.34 million tonnes than the five year’s average Oilseeds production. The current year’s production is significantly higher than the production of 25.25 million tonnes during 2015-16.

9.         Production of Sugarcane is estimated at 309.98 million tonnes which is lower by 38.46 million tonnes than the last year’s production of 348.45 million tonnes.

10.       Despite lower area coverage during 2016-17, higher productivity of Cotton has resulted into higher production of 32.51 million bales (of 170 kg each) as compared to 30.01 million bales during 2015-16.

11.       Production of Jute & Mesta estimated at 10.06 million bales (of 180 kg each) is marginally lower than their production of 10.52 million bales during the last year.