Steps Taken to Reduce IMR and MMR

As per Sample Registration System (SRS), 2013 reports published by Registrar General of India the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of India is 40 per 1000 live births and as per Sample Registration System (SRS), 2011-13 reports Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is 167 per 1,00,000 live births in the Country. Under the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 target is to reduce Child Mortality by two-third between 1990 and 2015. In case of India, it translates into a goal of reducing Infant mortality rate from 88 per thousand live births in 1990 to 29 in 2015. Under the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5, the target is to reduce Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) by three quarters between 1990 & 2015. This translates to reducing the MMR from 560 in 1990 to 140 in 2015. State/UT-wise infant mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio is given below:- States/UTs-wise status of infant mortality rate (IMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India Sr. No States/UTs IMR (SRS 2013) MMR(SRS  2011-13) 1 A & N Islands 24 - 2 Andhra Pradesh 39 92 3 Arunachal Pradesh 32 - 4 Assam 54 300 5 Bihar 42 208 6 Chandigarh 21 - 7 Chhattisgarh 46 221 8 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 31 - 9 Daman & Diu 20 - 10 Delhi 24 - 11 Goa 9 - 12 Gujarat 36 112 13 Haryana 41 127 14 Himachal Pradesh 35 - 15 Jammu & Kashmir 37 - 16 Jharkhand 37 208 17 Karnataka 31 133 18 Kerala 12 61 19 Lakshadweep 24 - 20 Madhya Pradesh 54 221 21 Maharashtra 34 68 22 Manipur 10 - 23 Meghalaya 47 - 24 Mizoram 35 - 25 Nagaland 18 - 26 Odisha 51 222 27 Puducherry 17 - 28 Punjab 26 141 29 Rajasthan 47 244 30 Sikkim 22 - 31 Tamil Nadu 21 79 32 Telangana 39 92 33 Tripura 26 - 34 Uttar Pradesh 50 285 35 Uttarakhand 32 285 36 West Bengal 31 113 India 40 167 Source: Sample registration System (SRS), RGI office, 2013 & 2011-13 reports Under National Health Mission, the following interventions are being implemented to reduce infant mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio in the Country: Promotion of institutional deliveries through JananiSurakshaYojana. Operationalization of sub-centres, Primary Health Centres, Community Health Centres and District Hospitals for providing 24x7 basic and comprehensive obstetric care services. Name Based Web enabled Tracking of Pregnant Women to ensure antenatal, intranatal and postnatal care. Mother and Child Protection Card in collaboration with the Ministry of Women and Child Development to monitor service delivery for mothers and children. Antenatal, intranatal and postnatal care including Iron and Folic Acid supplementation to pregnant & lactating women for prevention and treatment of anaemia. Engagement of more than 8.9 lakhs Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to generate demand and facilitate accessing of health care services by the community. Village Health and Nutrition Days in rural areas as an outreach activity, for provision of maternal and child health services. Adolescent Reproductive Sexual Health Programme (ARSH) – Especially for adolescents to have better access to family planning, prevention of sexually transmitted Infections, Provision of counselling and peer education. Health and nutrition education to promote dietary diversification, inclusion of iron and folate rich food as well as food items that promote iron absorption.   10.  JananiShishuSurakshaKaryakaram (JSSK) entitles all pregnant women delivering in public health institutions to absolutely free and no expense delivery including Caesarean section.  The initiative stipulates free drugs, diagnostics, blood and diet, besides free transport from home to institution, between facilities in case of a referral and drop back home.  Similar entitlements have been put in place for all sick infants accessing public health institutions for treatment. 11.  Universal Immunization Programme (UIP): Vaccination protects children against many life threatening diseases such as Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Polio, Tetanus, Hepatitis B and Measles. Infants are thus immunized against seven vaccine preventable diseases every year. The Government of India supports the vaccine programme by supply of vaccines and syringes, cold chain equipment and provision of operational costs. 12.  Strengthening Facility based newborn care: Newborn care corners (NBCC) are being set up at all health facilities where deliveries take place; Special New Born Care Units (SNCUs) and New Born Stabilization Units (NBSUs) are also being set up at appropriate facilities for the care of sick newborn including preterm babies. 13.  Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC):  Home based newborn care through ASHA has been initiated to improve new born practices at the community level and early detection and referral of sick new born babies 14.  Capacity building of health care providers: Various trainings are being conducted under National Health Mission (NHM) to build and upgrade the skills of health care providers in basic and comprehensive obstetric care of mother during pregnancy, delivery and essential newborn care. 15.  Management of Malnutrition: Nutritional Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs) have been established for management of severe acute malnutrition in children. 16.  India Newborn Action Plan (INAP) has been launched to reduce neonatal mortality and stillbirths. 17.  Newer interventions to reduce newborn mortality- Vitamin K injection at birth, Antenatal corticosteroids for preterm labour, kangaroo mother care and injection gentamicin for possible serious bacillary infection. 18.  Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight was observed in August 2014 focusing on ORS and Zinc distribution for management of diarrhoea and feeding practices. 19.  Integrated Action Plan for Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (IAPPD) launched in four states with highest infant mortality (UP, MP, Bihar and Rajasthan).