Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal or marine ecosystems or its amalgamation. The biosphere reserve network was launched in 1976, two years after the initiation of MAB- Man and the biosphere programme. Government of India established 18 biospheres in the country (categories generally relating to IUCN Category V Protected areas).
FUNCTIONS OF BIOSPHERE RESERVE
FUNCTIONS OF BIOSPHERE RESERVE
Each biosphere reserve is supposed to fulfill three harmonizing functions:
Conservation function: to conserve genetic resources, species, ecosystems and landscapes
Development function: to promote sustainable human development and economic
Logistic support function: to provide support for research and analyzing the issues of conservation and sustainable development.
THREE ZONES OF BIOSPHERES
Biosphere reserves have three unified zones that aim to fulfill three harmonizing and mutually reinforcing functions:
Development function: to promote sustainable human development and economic
Logistic support function: to provide support for research and analyzing the issues of conservation and sustainable development.
THREE ZONES OF BIOSPHERES
Biosphere reserves have three unified zones that aim to fulfill three harmonizing and mutually reinforcing functions:
The core area: It involves an entirely secured and protected ecosystem that contributes to the preservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation.
The buffer zone: It encompasses or adjoins the core areas. It is utilized for activities compatible with sound ecological practices that can fortify scientific research, monitoring, training and education.
The transition area: It is the part of the reserve where the greatest activity is permitted to promote economic and human development that is sustainable.
The buffer zone: It encompasses or adjoins the core areas. It is utilized for activities compatible with sound ecological practices that can fortify scientific research, monitoring, training and education.
The transition area: It is the part of the reserve where the greatest activity is permitted to promote economic and human development that is sustainable.
WORLD NETWORK OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES
The World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers globally chosen protected areas. It consists of a vibrant and interactive network of sites of distinction. It promotes the harmonious assimilation of people and nature for sustainable development through different ways. If one country declares one area as a biosphere reserve, it can nominate the same to under the UNESCOs Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme. If UNESCO accepts the proposal of the government, the biosphere reserve will enter into the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR).
10 of the 18 biosphere reserves in India are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves which is based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list. Recently, the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve was incorporated at the International Coordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere program of UNESCO that ended up in Peru on March 19. With the addition of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve, 10 of the 18 biosphere reserves in the country have made it to the list.
YEAR
NAME
STATES
2001
Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve
West Bengal
2009
Simlipal Biosphere Reserve
Odisha
2009
Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
Madhya Pradesh
2009
Nokrek Biosphere Reserve
Meghalaya
2000
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
Tamil Nadu
2004
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
Uttarakhand
2001
Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
Tamil Nadu
2013
Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve
Great Nicobar
2012
Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve
Chhattisgarh
2016
Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve
Kerala and Tamil Nadu
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