UTTARAKHAND (UK) RO/ARO PRE SOLUTION,26TH JUNE2016 SAMVEG IAS

UTTARAKHAND (UK) RO/ARO PRE SOLUTION,26TH JUNE2016 SAMVEG IAS

Dear candidates

ukpsc conducted RO/ARO exam today.they followed the PCS EXAM pattern.we are providing tentative solutions of all questions .There may be error of 2%. if you find any question answer wrong ,please correct us to make it useful.

Cutoff: it seems paper was good and those who are getting 100 correct(net) question can start preparing for mains. cutoff range may be 90-96 for general category and 75-80 for women category. 

Answer booklet C

Q1 movements of mahatma gandhi in right order----A

Q2  sangam in india---A

Q3Khajuraho temples--c

Q4SABARMATI ASHRAM --B

Q5 md Ali jinnah----c

Q6 Periodicals of DR Ambedkar---D

Q7 FULL SELF GOVERNMENT BY BRITISH --D

Q8 Translation from hindi to persian--D

Q9gold coin of highest value during akbar--c

Q10 Silk route started by --A

Q11Prive purse --B

Q12NOMINATION TO RAJYA SABHA-C

Q13 Residuary power belong to-B

Q14 TRANSFER of education in concurrent list-C

Q15 Doesnt have legislative assembly -D

Q16 PIL-C,USA

Q17  India is -union of states-C

Q18 Dispute of election of president--A

Q19 economic drain--C

Q20 FIRST LOKPAL IN PARLIAMENT--D

Q21 first book by gandhiji-- B

Q22 OBJECTIVE OF BUDGET-D

Q23 parliamentary form of govenment--C

Q24 ZERO HOUR-C

Q25 citizenship belongs -A

Q262.39+1.61---B

Q27 VALUE OF X--B

Q28AVG age of 22 student is 21,,age of teacher---D,44 YEARS

Q29COW AND HENS ---C,26

Q30 B% OF 20 --A

Q31 MAHESH SELL 18 EGG-D

Q32 NO OF SQUARES--C,15

Q33 WHEN DO WE SLEEP-A

Q34 TOTAL NO OF MALES  IN FAMILY--D

Q35K IS BROTHER OF NAND X-C

Q36NO OF URVASHI IN ROW OF 30 GIRLS-b

Q37 MISSING FIGURE -B

Q38 RAMAN BORROW RS 12000---D

Q39 MEAN AGE OF FATHER AND SON-A

Q40NEXT TERM IN SERIES-D,J58Q

Q41 BHUVAN,MADHU--B

Q42MISSING NO IN THIRD TRIANGLE -D

Q43FILL IN BLANK --D,60

Q44 A IS TWICE GOOD AS B-C

Q45 RATIO BETWEEN SPEEDS OF TWO TRAIN : D

Q46ANIL TRAVELING 6KM TOWARDS  EAST-C,10KM

Q47 MISSING NO IN TABLE -B

Q48DISTRIBUTION OF FREENOTE BOOK AMONG CHILDREN-c

Q49 DISTRIBUTION--B

Q50A MAN FACING TOWARDS WEST : C

Q51 IN MIXTURE OF 60 LITRE,MILK AND WATER :B

Q52 3/4TH OF NUMBER --D

Q53CLOCK AT 12 O CLOCK--C

Q54   39 PERSON CAN REPAIR A ROAD -B

Q55WHAT IS DIFFERENCE B/T TWO DIGIT NO-A

Q56 MAJOR SOMNATH SHARMA--D

Q57 LAKHU CAVE --D

Q58-COURT LANGUAGE OF KATYURI-C

Q59PASS B/W DHARMA AND BYAS VALLEY-A

Q60 PRAJA MANDAL-D

Q61ORIGIN OF KHATLING GLACIER-B

Q62NOT A FOOTHILL TOWN-C

Q63 KAILASH MANSAROVAR YATRA PASSES-B

Q64 NOT RAIL TERMINUS POINT-D

Q65 NANDHAUR DUN-B

Q66 MAIN CENTRAL THRUST-D

Q67NAME OF UTTAR KASHI-D

Q68COLONIAL CONFLICT START-B

Q69 KUBJAMARK-A

Q70  PANDUKESHWAR COPPER PLATE--A

Q71 DANCE WITHOUT SONG -D

Q72DHAWAJ TEMPLE-C

Q73BHUMSEN-A

Q75 38TH NATIONAL GAMES IN UK-C

Q76 61ST CLEAN CITY-A

Q77 PRESIDENT RULE IN UK-C

Q78DOMINANT IN HEREDITY-B

Q79 DRUG FOR CANCER -A

Q80LOBES IS HUMAN LUNGS-D

Q81- BIRD THAT CAN MOVE UPPER JAW-B

Q82-IMMUNE SYSTEM IN BODY--B

Q83-CAUSE OF SWINE FLU-A

Q84- MAIN ELEMENT OF PROETIN-B

Q85 FIRST LAW OF THERMODYANAMICS- C

Q86 INSECTICIDES -B

Q87 PETROL FIRE EXTINGUISHER- C

Q88 FRUIT RIPENING -- ETHYLENE

Q89 SEEDS OF SUN FLOWER - B

Q90  PARSEC-A

Q91   1ST MECHANICAL COMPUTER-B

Q92  NON VOLATILE MEMORY-C

Q93 DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER-A

Q94 MOST POWERFUL COMPUTER-B

Q95 MANAGE DATA BASE-C

Q96WORD PENTIUM-C

Q97 SMALLER FILE ON INTERNET- A

Q98 ALU-D

Q99 NOT AN INPUT DEVICE -D

Q100 TRANSISTER USED- B

Q101 RIVER CROSSES EQUATOR TWICE- A

Q102 COUNTRY AND CAPITAL- D

Q103 STATES ON MYANMAR BORDER- A

Q104 LAND OF THOUSAND LAKES- D

Q105 LIVESTOCK RANCHINGC

Q106LONGEST BORDER-C

Q107 HIGHEST LITERACY -A

Q108 MOUNTAIN PEAK IN UK-D

Q109-POPULATION IN 2030-B

Q110AVERAGE SEA LEVEL-B

Q111-STATEMENT ABOUT RIVERS-D

Q112STATE FORMATION-A

Q113 LARGEST PRODUCER OF PULSE-A

Q114-LARGEST RESERVE OF BAUXITE-D

Q115 LARGEST FOREST COVER-C

Q116 NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY-B

Q117 WORLD POPULATION DAY-C

Q118MOBILITY TRANSITION MODEL-D

Q119-NOT MATCHED TRIBALS-C

Q120 HIGHEST SEX RATIO-B

Q121 HEART OF CITY -A

Q122 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF INDIAN CITIES- C

Q123 NATIONAL AWARD FOR CHILD WELFARE-B

Q124 ECOSYSTEM WORD- C

Q125 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FIRST TIME-A

Q126 OZONE DEPLETION-D

Q127LAND DEGRADATION IN RAJSTHAN-C

Q128 BIO DIVERSITY-A

Q129 ACID RAIN-C

Q130MEGATHERM,MESOTHERM- -C

Q131 STAND UP SCHEME -B

Q132 BULLET TRAIN-C

Q133 1ST ORGANIC STATE- B

Q134 FASTEST TEST CENTURY- C

Q135 TAPI-A

Q136 2016-17 SAARC YEAR-C

Q137 AUNG SAN SUU KYI-D

Q138 OUTBREAK OF VIRUS- A

Q139 IS TERRORIST ATTACK- B

Q140-OLYMPIC GAMES- A

Q141 PERCAPITA INCOME-B

Q142 VICE CHAIRMAN OF NITI AYOG-C

Q143- MAODAYA KAVYA-A

Q144 HDI RANK- C

Q145 CLOSED ECONOMY- D

Q146 NIRD- B

Q147 VAT-C

Q148-SUPER 301-D

Q149 WHITE REVOLUTION-C

Q150-TAX COLLECTED BY PANCHAYAT -D

Cow urine kills farm pests in Sikkim

Cow urine kills farm pests in Sikkim
It’s the main way pests are repelled on the farms in the Himalayan foothills and across the northeastern state of Sikkim, the first in India to go fully organic

Nimtshreng Lepcha seeps medicinal leaves in cow urine and sprays the brew over his tomatoes. It’s the main way pests are repelled on his farm in the Himalayan foothills and across the northeastern state of Sikkim, the first in India to go fully organic.

For more than a decade, Sikkim’s 66,000 farmers have shunned chemical weed killers, synthetic fertilisers and gene-altered seeds. Their return to traditional farming methods has made the tiny state, sandwiched between China, Nepal and Bhutan, a testing ground for a counter movement to the Green Revolution, the half-century-old system that relied on modern seeds, chemicals and irrigation to boost crop yields and stave off hunger.

Now, faced with health and environmental problems ranging from poisoned waterways and degraded farmland, to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and diet-linked disease, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is backing Sikkim’s approach as a safer, more sustainable way to produce food, support farm jobs and reduce the nation’s fertiliser bill.

“Other states can take a lead from Sikkim,” Modi told political leaders in the nearby state of Meghalaya last month. “The North East can become the organic food basket for this country. Organic products are going to be increasingly used widely,” he continued, and the practice “will contribute immensely to the income of the people and the region.”

Employment boost

India already has some 650,000 organic producers—more than any other country. Expanding the industry could boost employment by 30% through recycling resources, and certifying, marketing and packaging products, a parliamentary committee said in a report in August, without giving a time frame. Farmers in more than a dozen states, including Kerala, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Modi’s home state of Gujarat, are embracing organic farming.

India isn’t the only country looking for alternative ways to nourish its people. The United Nations’ (UN) new development agenda, which began in January, calls for more sustainable food production systems and the implementation of resilient agricultural practices that increase production, help maintain ecosystems and progressively improve land and soil quality.

“Poor farmers who cannot afford the inputs for intensive agriculture can benefit most from adoption of organic methods,” said Anil Markandya, a British environmental economist, who has advised international development banks, the UN, European Union (EU) and the governments of India and the UK.

Farmer Lepcha, who also grows maize, cardamom, cauliflowers, carrots, radishes and pumpkins on 2 hectares in Lower Nandok, abandoned his father’s farming practices 20 years ago, returning instead to the natural cultivation methods of his grandfather. The rewards from organic farming aren’t just monetary, he said.

“This field has given us enough of the best-quality food for my family and enabled me to provide higher education for three of my children,” said Lepcha, 56. “We all are in good health and stamina. I don’t remember when we last purchased medicines.”

Soils are nourished with composted cow manure and other organic matter, while pests are managed with the cow-urine spray brewed for three months, he said. In the colder months, Lepcha grows vegetables under clear plastic domes that trap heat and moisture, and are fitted with sprinklers for irrigation.

Yields rebound

Crop yields fell in the first few seasons after he stopped using conventional fertilisers and chemicals, but then increased as the fertility of his soil improved, he recalled. These days, Lepcha earns more than Rs.400,000 a year.

“I am getting profit with low input costs and higher margins,” he said.

Benefits of organic farming include less pesticide-related illness, improved household nutrition and gender equality, said Markandya, who is the former scientific director of the Basque Centre for Climate Change in Spain. Last year, he edited a 415-page report on organic agriculture for the Asian Development Bank.

“I don’t see organic agriculture replacing conventional, intensive agriculture, but as an important complement to it,” Markandya said. “There are many places where producers can benefit from adoption of such methods, and the demand for organic products is growing—not only in the rich countries, but also inside India.”

Growing health consciousness among India’s middle-class consumers is fueling demand, TechSci Research said in a report last August. It predicts the organic market will expand more than 25% annually to cross $1 billion by 2020.

“Consumers want it even though there is a premium attached to it,” said Renzino S. Lepcha, chief operating officer of Mevedir, a non-government organization in the Sikkim capital, Gangtok, that helps farmers to grow, certify and sell their organic produce.

Organic goods typically fetch about 20% more than conventionally grown products, according to Lepcha, who is not related to farmer Nimtshreng Lepcha.

“This is creating jobs, an avenue and a market. This is favouring farmers and India.”

Sikkim achieved organic certification of 74,190 hectares (183,000 acres) of agricultural land last year, the culmination of a movement that began in 2003.

“The start was not smooth,” said S. Anbalagan, executive director of the Sikkim Organic Mission, in an interview in his office in Gangtok. “We struggled to provide farmers required knowledge and infrastructure.”

Birds and the bees

With those problems behind them, farmers are now expanding into poultry, bee-keeping and other areas of livestock production, while the state focuses on improving services, including marketing, cold storage and transportation, he said. “Whatever Sikkim has achieved, it has done it mostly on its own,” Anbalagan said.

Organic exports will be bolstered by an airport in Sikkim, Modi said in January at an organic festival and conference. Discussion at the meeting “set the tone for a new holistic vision for the country’s agriculture,” he said. “The winds of this organic effort would now spread across the country.”

Modi’s government has earmarked Rs.412 crore for spending on organic farming in the year ending March 2017. It’s promoting organic fertiliser and says the use of natural nutrients could defray part of the Rs.70,000 crore India spends each year on fertiliser subsidies.

With the second-highest number of undernourished people in the world and an annual food requirement set to increase by almost 20% to 300 million tons by 2025, India’s needs won’t be met with organic farming, according to Shanthu Shantharam, a scientist who helped formulate the country’s agricultural biotechnology regulations in the 1990s.

‘Romantic idea’

“In many ways, organic farming is a romantic idea that won’t work,” said Shantharam, who teaches plant biotechnology at Iowa State University. He argues that organic production is impractical on a mass scale because of inadequate supplies of organic fertiliser and the lower crop yields resulting from organic farming. “India cannot meet its food security obligations if the entire nation goes organic. Organic is good as a kitchen garden.”

Product integrity is also a challenge for India’s organic industry, he said. “Whether organic rules are strictly followed or not, they slap an organic label on it and sell it a premium price,” Shantharam said. “Their niche market is urban elites who have lots of cash jingling in their pockets, and who want to buy organic just to feel good.”

Prohibitive prices

At the Sikkim Organic Market in Gangtok, vendor Birbal Rai says it’s mostly the health-conscious who are aware of the advantages of organic products and are buying from his stall.

“Others turn away when they see the price difference,” Rai said. Still, “the demand for the organic foods is gradually picking up.”

About 40 kilometres away, Vivek Cintury has set up a business to process ginger and turmeric, and dreams of becoming one of his country’s biggest organic exporters.

“After overcoming some difficulties, like a lack of cold storage and residue-testing laboratories in Sikkim, we have started making a profit,” Cintury, 29, said. “This inspires me to expand the business.”

Environmental activist Vandana Shiva says organic farming provides a solution to conventional ‘chemical farming’ promoted since the late 1960s Green Revolution, which she says, leads to $1.2 trillion a year in environmental and social costs in India.

“Organic farming is also the only solution to climate change,” said Shiva, a former atomic physicist and the managing trustee of Navdanya, a movement that promotes organic farming, biodiversity and conservation

PSLV-C34 Successfully Launches 20 Satellites in a Single Flight

PSLV-C34 Successfully Launches 20 Satellites in a Single Flight

In its thirty sixth flight (PSLV-C34), ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle successfully launched the 727.5 kg Cartosat-2 Series Satellite along with 19 co-passenger satellites today morning from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota. This is the thirty fifth consecutively successful mission of PSLV and the fourteenth in its 'XL' configuration. The total weight of all the 20 satellites carried on-board PSLV-C34 was 1288 kg.

After PSLV-C34 lift-off at 0926 hrs (9:26 am) IST from the Second Launch Pad with the ignition of the first stage, the subsequent important flight events, namely, strap-on ignitions and separations, first stage separation, second stage ignition, heat-shield separation, second stage separation, third stage ignition and separation, fourth stage ignition and cut-off, took place as planned. After a flight of 16 minutes 30 seconds, the satellites achieved a polar Sun Synchronous Orbit of 508 km inclined at an angle of 97.5 degree to the equator (very close to the intended orbit) and in the succeeding 10 minutes, all the 20 satellites successfully separated from the PSLV fourth stage in a predetermined sequence.

After separation, the two solar arrays of Cartosat-2 series satellite were deployed automatically and ISRO's Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) at Bangalore took over the control of the satellite. In the coming days, the satellite will be brought to its final operational configuration following which it will begin to provide remote sensing services using its panchromatic (black and white) and multispectral (colour) cameras.

The imagery sent by the Cartosat-2 series satellite will be useful for cartographic applications, urban and rural applications, coastal land use and regulation, utility management like road network monitoring, water distribution, creation of land use maps, precision study, change detection to bring out geographical and manmade features and various other Land Information System (LIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) applications.

Of the 19 co-passenger satellites carried by PSLV-C34, two – SATHYABAMASAT weighing 1.5 kg and SWAYAM weighing 1 kg – are University/Academic institute satellites and were built with the involvement of students from Sathyabama University, Chennai and College Of Engineering, Pune, respectively.

The remaining 17 co-passenger satellites were international customer satellites from Canada (2), Germany (1), Indonesia (1) and the United States (13).

With today’s successful launch, the total number of satellites launched by India’s workhorse launch vehicle PSLV has reached 113, of which 39 are Indian and the remaining 74 from abroad.

A Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket, a successful workhorse of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

A Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket, a successful workhorse of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has blasted off from the launch pad of the space agency in Sriharikota, as a first attempt by the Indian scientists to send 20 satellites in one go.

The vehicle lifted off at 9.26 AM with Cartosat-2C, the 725.5 kg earth observation satellite for defence needs, and 19 other satellites for customers such as Google-owned Terra Bella and former NASA employee owned Planet Labs.

The mission is also an attempt to demonstrate the capabilities of the country's space organisation, which has achieved several firsts in the past, to launch a large number of satellites in a single launch. This is expected to attract countries and companies for small satellite launches, such as One Web, which is eyeing capacity to hurl over 700 small satellites into space within a short timeframe.

According to ISRO officials, the frequency of rocket launches is expected to increase from this year. The low cost of launching PSLV and its proven success rate is also expected to make the service more attractive to global customers.

It is also building a consortium which include Hindustan Aeronautics, Godrej Aerospace and Larson and Toubro to jointly assemble and launch the PSLV rocket by 2020 for both local needs and tap global customer launches.

The move would help crunch the time to launch a PSLV rocket once in three weeks from India's space pad in Sriharikota as against the current norm of once every two months.

The PSLV rocket launched today also carry a 85 kg maritime satellite jointly built by Canada's defence research agency and Canada's space agency, a 130 kg scientific satellite from Germany's aerospace centre, and a 120 kg earth observation satellite for Indonesia's space agency.

The mission also has Skysat-3, a 110 kg earth imaging satellite with capability to capture high definition videos designed and built by Terra Bella (formerly Skybox Imaging), a company owned by Google and the imaging satellite made of commercially available electronics of Planet Labs, the Silicon Valley firm started by former NASA scientists.

Besides, two nano satellites weighing less than 1.5 kg, built by College of Engineering in Pune and Sathyabama University for experimental studies on green house gases and help HAM operators will also ride piggyback on the rocket.

The biggest payload in the mission is the Cartosat-2C, the earth observation satellite with capability to identify objects of less than a metre to be used for strategic purposes. This satellite is similar to the earlier Cartosat-2, 2A and 2B.

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IISc Bangalore among top 30 Asian universities in THE 2016 ranking IISc Bangalore jumps 10 places to 27th rank in Times Higher Education Asia rankings; 16 universities from India find place in top 200

IISc Bangalore among top 30 Asian universities in THE 2016 ranking

IISc Bangalore jumps 10 places to 27th rank in Times Higher Education Asia rankings; 16 universities from India find place in top 200

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru found a place in the top 30 Asian universities—the best yet for an Indian institution—in the Asian University Ranking 2016 by the UK’s Times Higher Education (THE).

According the rankings published on Monday, IISc jumped 10 places to be ranked 27th among the top 200 universities in Asia. Overall, 16 universities from India found a place in the top 200 list and eight of the top 10 Indian universities improved their rankings.

In Asia, the National University in Singapore was ranked the best, followed by Nanyang Technological University (also in Singapore) and Peking University in China. Among the top 10 Asian universities, Singapore, China and Hong Kong have two universities each, Japan has one and South Korea three.

Universities from 22 Asian countries participated in the ranking, which counts parameters such as learning environment, research, research citations, international outlook and industry income.

While IISc maintains its standing as the best institution in India, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay (43) was No. 2 and IIT Kharagpur (51) was the third best from India. The two IITs jumped 14 and 18 places, respectively, in 2016 from their ranking in 2015.

Click here for enlarge

IIT Guwahati and Jadavpur University, which were not in the top 100 list last year came in at 80 and 84.

Attributing the rise to a focus on excellence in education and research, IIT Bombay director Devang Khakhar said, “rigorous academic programmes and strong linkages with industry prepare our students very well for employment. We have been successful in recruiting excellent faculty members and our healthy faculty-student ratio is another major factor for moving up in the rankings”.

The ranking agency acknowledged the improved performance of Indian universities.

India is the leading South Asian country in the ranking, with 16 universities featuring in the top 200, ranking editor Phil Baty said in an email.

India’s “leading institution, the Indian Institute of Science, makes the top 30 for the first time, in 27th place”, he said.

“India has made great gains in this list in recent years—just three institutions appeared in the top 100 in 2013—but the nation still has a long way to go to compete with Asia’s leading university nations, such as China, Japan and South Korea, and scores particularly weakly on internationalization,” Baty said.

Indian universities traditionally lag behind on internationalization parameters. International faculties, international students and exchange programmes have been poor.

While government institutions are yet to improve the situation despite a clear demand from experts and industries, some private universities have started focusing on it.

For instance, in the QS Asian University rankings published last week, Amrita University in Kerala, promoted by spiritual guru Mata Amritanandamayi, did very well in all aspects of internationalization—much better than the elite IITs.

Of late, institutions and the government are trying to bring heterogeneity to campuses. IITs, Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and some other leading universities have now started making formal efforts to recruit both students and faculty staff from abroad to improve the international outlook.

The human resource development ministry has started new schemes through which it is inviting hundreds of top academics to teach and carry out research for short durations—a move that authorities believe will give the institutions more exposure to global standards, improve rankings and help improve the brand of Indian schools.

Although Baty pointed to the poor performance of several South Asian institutions due to a lack of funding and clear policy direction, he welcomed the Indian government’s move to select 20 institutions, across the public and private sector, for special funding to help them compete on the global stage.

From green slime to jet fuel: algae offers airlines a cleaner future Thomas Brueck, Munich TU’s associate professor of industrial biocatalysis, says that the biofuel from algaculture could cater for 3-5% of jetfuel needs by about 2050

From green slime to jet fuel: algae offers airlines a cleaner future

Thomas Brueck, Munich TU’s associate professor of industrial biocatalysis, says that the biofuel from algaculture could cater for 3-5% of jetfuel needs by about 2050

As airlines struggle to find cleaner ways to power jets and with an industry-wide meeting on CO2 emissions just months away, scientists are busy growing algae in vast open tanks at an Airbus site at Ottobrun, near Munich.

The European aerospace group is part-financing the Munich Technical University project to grow algae for biofuel and, although commercial production is a long way off, hopes are high.

Thomas Brueck, Munich TU’s associate professor of industrial biocatalysis, says that the biofuel from algaculture could cater for 3-5% of jetfuel needs by about 2050.

Algae can grow 12 times faster than plants cultivated on soil and produces an oil yield about 30 times that of rapeseed.

However, although aviation biofuel made from feedstocks such as flax or used cooking oil is already available, limited stocks and low oil prices mean only a few airlines, including Lufthansa and KLM, are using it on a trial basis.

“To substitute 100% of the kerosene use today, we will not do it with algae alone. We need a combination of different technologies to actually enable that substitution,” Brueck said.

Airbus also says the technology, in which it and the Bavarian government are investing more than €10 million ($11 million) between them, is still at an early stage and is not financially viable for airlines just yet.

“But we are sure that over time, we will make it possible to offer kerosene made of algae for a competitive price,” an Airbus spokesman said