PM’s Inaugural address at Economic Times Global Business Summit

Highlights of PM’s Inaugural address at Economic Times Global Business Summit

I am happy to be here today, to address the Global Business Summit. This is a good platform, for bringing together economists and industry leaders. I compliment The Economic Times for organising this event. Over the next two days, you will debate growth and inflation, manufacturing and infrastructure, missed chances and unlimited possibilities. You will see India as a country of opportunities, unmatched across the world. I assure you that your inputs shall receive my government’s highest attention. Friends, मकर संक्रांति (Makar Sankranti) was celebrated on 14 January. It is an important festival. It is the beginning of उत्तरायण (Uttarayan), which is considered to be a पुण्य काल (Punya kaal). The लोहड़ी (Lohri) festival also coincides with it. On this day, the Sun begins its journey North. This marks the transition from winter to spring. The New Age India has also begun its transition; from a winter of subdued achievement lasting 3 to 4 years, to a new spring that beckons. The country had fallen into deep despair, with two back-to-back years of below 5% growth, and governance at rock bottom. A series of scams, from telecom to coal had paralysed the economy. We deviated from the dream of India as a land of opportunity. No longer can we afford the flight of capital and labour, for lack of opportunity. We have to repair the damage that has happened. Restoring growth momentum will be an uphill task. It will take hard work, sustained commitment and strong administrative action. But we can overcome the mood of despair. And we must. It is in this context that all the steps we have taken must be seen. Friends, Destiny has favoured me to serve this great nation. Mahatma Gandhi said that we should not rest until we “wipe every tear from every eye”. Elimination of poverty is fundamental to me. This is at the core of my understanding of cohesive growth. To translate this vision into the reality of a New Age India, we must be clear about our economic goals and objectives. The government must nurture an eco-system: • where the economy is primed for growth; and growth promotes all-round development; • where development is employment-generating; and employment is enabled by skills; • where skills are synced with production; and production is benchmarked to quality; • where quality meets global standards; and meeting global standards drives prosperity. Most importantly, this prosperity is for the welfare of all. That is my concept of economic good governance and all round development. It is up to us to create conditions for the people of India to blossom and create this New Age India. Friends, Let me outline what we are doing to usher in this new spring. My government is moving fast in designing policies and laws to promote growth. This is where I seek everybody’s cooperation. First, we are committed to achieving the fiscal deficit target announced in the budget. We have worked systematically in this direction. Many of you practise Kaizen in your companies. Reducing wastage means cutting excess and preventing misuse. This requires self-discipline. That is why we have the Expenditure Management Commission to suggest cuts in wasteful expenditure. This way, we will make the Rupee more productive, and deliver maximum bang for the buck. Second, the petroleum sector has seen major reforms. Diesel prices have been deregulated. This has opened up space for private players to enter into petroleum retail. Gas prices have been linked to international prices. This will bring a new wave of investment. It will increase supplies. It will resolve problems in the key power sector. Today, India’s cooking gas subsidy is the world’s largest Cash Transfer Programme. Over 80 million households receive subsidy directly as cash into their bank accounts. This is one-third of all households in the country. This willcompletely eliminate leakage.  Building on this, we plan to introduce direct cash transfers in other benefit schemes.  Third, inflation has been controlled through firm measures. While falling oil prices helped, even non-oil inflation is at a very low level. Food inflation has come down from over 15% a year ago to 3.1% last month. . This set the stage for RBI to reduce interest rates, and push growth in a stable manner. Fourth, the consensus we arrived with States for amending the Constitution to implement GST is a major breakthrough. GST has been pending for over a decade. This alone has the potential to make India competitive and attractive for investment. Fifth, the poor have been included in the financial system. In a short span of 4 months, over 100 million new bank accounts have been opened under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana. For a country of our size, this was an immense challenge. But with will, determination and the full support of every banker, we are today a nearly 100% banked country. Soon, all accounts will be linked with Aadhaar. Banking habits will become common across the country. This now opens immense possibilities for the future. People’s savings will rise. They will invest in new financial instruments. 1.2 billion people can hope for pensions and insurance. As the nation progresses, these bank accounts will drive demand and growth. We have always debated about social unity, national unity and so on. But we have never debated about financial unity.About bringing everyone into the financial system. This is one cause which both capitalists and socialists agree on. What, my friends, can be a bigger reform? Sixth, the energy sector has been reformed. Coal blocks are now allocated transparently through auctions. Mining laws have been changed to facilitate efficient mining. Similar reforms are on the way in the Power sector. We have revived long pending projects in Nepal and Bhutan, with the cooperation of their governments. Steps are being taken to deliver 24 x 7 Power for All, using every possible source, including renewable energy.   Seventh, India is being made an attractive destination for investment. FDI caps have been raised in Insurance and Real estate. FDI and private investment are being promoted in Defense and Railways. The Land Acquisition Act has been amended to smoothen the process and speed up matters. This will give a thrust to infrastructure and manufacturing, while protecting the compensation to farmers. Eighth, infrastructure is being given a boost. Greater investment is planned in railways and roads. New approaches and instruments are being put in place to unlock their potential. Ninth, transparency and efficiency in governance, and institutional reforms are essential elements for rapid growth. These, along with a positive regulatory framework, tax stability, and ease of doing business, are being pushed ahead at top speed. For instance, I recently assured Public Sector Banks they will have total autonomy in taking business decisions, without any interference from Government on loans and their operations. We need to use technology to deliver good governance. Whether it is a simple one like biometric-based attendance, which has improved office attendance and work culture. Or a cutting edge one, like space technology in mapping and planning. I intend to launch a massive National Program for PDS Computerisation. The entire PDS supply chain, from the FCI godown to the ration shop and consumer will be computerised. Technology will drive welfare and efficient food delivery. A major institutional reform is the move away from merely planning, to transforming India. The setting up of the National Institution for Transforming India, NITI Aayog, is a step in this direction. This will take the country forward on the path of cooperative federalism, with a competitive zeal. The NITI Aayog is our Mantra for creating trust and partnership between the Centre and States. This list can be endless. I can go on for days, but I do not think we have the time. However, I have given you a sense of the immense activity we are engaged in. We have done a lot so far and more will be done in future. Friends, Reforms are not an end in itself. Reforms must have a concrete objective. The objective must be to improve the welfare of the people. Approaches may be many. But the goal is one. Reforms may not be apparent to one and all at first sight. But small acts can drive reforms. What appears minor can actually be vital and fundamental. Further, there is no contradiction between doing big tickets items and doing small things. One approach is to have new policies, programmes, large projects and path breaking changes. Another approach is to focus on the small things that matter, create a people’s movement and generate mass momentum, which then drives development. We need to follow both paths. Let me explain this a bit. Generating 20,000 MW of power attracts a lot of attention. That is important. At the same time, 20,000 MW of power can be saved through a people’s movement for energy efficiency. The end result is similar. The second is more difficult but is as important as the first. In the same way, improving a thousand primary schools is as important as opening a new university. The new AIIMS we are setting up will improve public health in the same way as our promise of Health Assurance. To me, Health Assurance is not a scheme. It is about ensuring that every Rupee spent on health is well spent; that every citizen has access to proper healthcare. Similarly, when we do Swachh Bharat, it has multiple impacts. It is not just a fad or a slogan. It changes people’s mindsets. It changes our lifestyle. Swachhata becomes a habit. Waste management generates economic activity. It can create lakhs of Swachhata entrepreneurs. The nation gets identified with cleanliness. And of course, it has a huge impact on health. After all, Diarrhoea and other diseases cannot be defeated without Swachhata! The mantra of independence was सत्याग्रह (Satyagraha). And the warriors were सत्या-ग्रही (Satyagrahis). The mantra of New Age India must be स्वच्छता-ग्रह (Swachhagraha). And the warriors will be स्वच्छता-ग्रही (Swachhagrahis). Take the case of Tourism. It is an untapped economic activity. But tapping it requires a Swachh Bharat. It needs improvement in infrastructure and telecom connectivity. It requires better education and skill development. Therefore, a simple goal can generate reforms in multiple sectors. People must understand the Clean Ganga program, as an economic activity also. The Gangetic plains account for 40% of our population. They have over one hundred towns, and thousands of villages. Improving Ganga will develop new infrastructure. It will promote tourism. It will create a modern economy helping millions of people. In addition, it preserves the environment! Railways is another example. There are thousands of railway stations in the country where not more than 1 or 2 trains stop in a day. These facilities, created at a cost, remain unused for most of the day. These stations can become growth points for the nearby villages. They can be used for skill development. Small indeed, is beautiful.  In agriculture too, our main goal is to raise productivity. This will require using technology, increasing soil fertility, producing more crop per drop, and bringing the latest from Lab to Land. Cost of cultivation will go down as efficiency rises. This will make agriculture viable. On the output side, the entire value chain in agriculture will be addressed through better storage, transport and food processing linkages. We will link farmers to global markets. We will give the world the Taste of India. Friends, I have often called for Minimum Government Maximum Governance. This is not a slogan. This is an important principle to transform India. सरकारी तंत्र की दो समस्याएं हैं - वे जटिल भी हैं और शिथिल भी। Government systems suffer from two weaknesses. They arecomplex. And they are slow. In life, people go on a चार धाम यात्रा (chaar dham yatra) to get मोक्ष (moksha). In government, a file has to go to छत्तीस धाम (chattees dham), and yet not get मोक्ष (moksha)! We need to change this. Our systems need to be made sharp, effective, fast and flexible. This requires simplification of processes and having trust in citizens. This needs a Policy Driven State.  What is Maximum Governance, Minimum Government? It means government has no business to be in business. There are many parts of the economy where the private sector will do better and deliver better. In 20 years of liberalisation, we have not changed a command and control mindset. We think it is okay for government to meddle in the working of firms. This must change. But this is not a call for anarchy. First, we need to focus government upon the things that are required of the State. Second, we need to achieve competence in government so that the State delivers on the things it sets out to do.  Why do we need the State? There are 5 main components: • The first is public goods such as defence, police, and judiciary. • The second is externalities which hurt others, such as pollution. For this, we need a regulatory system. • The third is market power; where monopolies need controls. • The fourth is information gaps; where you need someone to ensure that medicines are genuine and so on. • Last, we need a well designed welfare and subsidy mechanism to ensure that the bottom of society is protected from deprivation. This specially includes education and healthcare. These are five places where we require government. In the five areas where we need government, we require competent, efficient and non-corrupt arms of government.We in government, must constantly ask the question: How much money am I spending, and what outcomes am I getting in return? For this, government agencies have to be improved to become competent. This requires rewriting some laws.Laws are the DNA of government. They must evolve with time. India is a 2 trillion dollar economy today. Can we not dream of an India with a 20 trillion dollar economy? Should we not create the environment for this to happen? We are preparing the ground for it. This is hard work. Quick and easy reforms will not be enough for creating a fast growing economy. That is our challenge and that is what we aim to do. Digital India and Skill India are attempts in this direction. Digital India will reform government systems, eliminate waste, increase access and empower citizens. It will drive the next wave of growth, which will be knowledge-driven. Broadband in every village, with a wide range of online services, will transform India in a manner we cannot foresee. Skill India will harness the demographic dividend which everyone talks of. Friends, Improvement in governance is a continuous process. We are making changes wherever acts, rules and procedures are not in tune with needs. We are cutting down on multiple clearances that choke investment. Our complex tax system is crying for reform, which we have initiated. I believe in speed. I will push through change at a fast pace. You will appreciate this in times to come. At the same time, we need to take care of the poor, deprived and left behind sections of society. I believe that subsidies are needed for them. What we need is a well targeted system of subsidy delivery. We need to cut subsidy leakages, not subsidies themselves. Wastage, as I said earlier, must be removed in subsidies. The target group should be clearly identified and the subsidies should be well delivered. The ultimate objective of subsidies should be to empower the poor, to break the cycle of poverty, and become foot-soldiers in our war on poverty. At this point, I would also say that development has to result in jobs. Reforms, economic growth, progress – all are empty words if they do not translate into jobs. What we need is not just more production, but mass production and production by masses. Friends, Economic development cannot take a nation forward on its own. Development has many dimensions. While on one hand we need higher incomes, we also need a society which is cohesive. Which balances the stress and strain of a modern economy. History is witness to the rise and fall of nations. Even now, many countries have become rich in an economic sense, but are poor in a social sense. Their family systems, value systems, social networks and other elements which hold a society together have broken. We should not go down that path.We need a society and economy which complement each other. That is the only way for a nation to go forward. Further, development seems to have become the agenda only of government. It is seen as a scheme. That should not be the case. Development should be everyone`s agenda. It should be a people`s movement. Friends, like the rest of the World, we are concerned about two dangers - Terrorism and Climate change. Together, we will find a way to face these. Today, everyone is looking towards Asia for inspiration and growth. And within Asia, India is important. Not just for its size, but for its democracy, and its values. India’s core philosophy is सर्व मंगल मांगल्यम् (Sarva Mangala Maangalyam) and सर्व भवन्तु सुखिनः (Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah). This is a call for global welfare, global cooperation and balanced living. India can be a role model of growth and cohesiveness for the rest of the world. For this, we need a workforce and economy which meet global needs and expectations. We need to quickly improve social indicators. India should no longer be bracketed with the least developed. We can do this. Swami Vivekananda had said “Arise, awake, do not stop until the goal has been attained”. This should inspire us all to achieve the vision of a New Age India. Together, we can!

Swami Vivekananda and Nation building

Swami Vivekananda was a dreamer.  He dreamt big day and night.   But, the only theme of his dream was India.  This one word stirred extraordinary feelings in the deepest regions of his heart.  Perhaps, he was the greatest patriot to have ever been born in this country.  The testimony of Mahatma Gandhi vouches for this assertion.  Mahatma Gandhi visited Belur Math in 1921 and before leaving he wrote in the Visitors’ Book that after reading Swami Vivekananda’s works, his patriotism for the country had increased thousand fold.  One of the Western disciples of Swami Vivekananda, Sister Christine, wrote in her reminiscences, “Our love for India came to birth, I think, when we first heard him (Swami Vivekananda) say the word, “India”, in that marvelous voice of his.  It seems incredible that so much could have been put into one small word of five letters.  There was love, passion, pride, longing, adoration, tragedy, chivalry, himweh, and again love.  Whole volumes could not have produced such a feeling in others.  It had the magic power of creating love in those who heard it.”    In fact, his love for our motherland was perhaps the singular factor which held him tied to this earth.  He was a born Yogi. He was  a great contemplative and diving deep into meditation was the natural drift of his mind.  However, he sacrificed all these to serve our motherland. 

Swami Vivekananda knew everything about India like the palm of his hand.  What was the source and basis of his knowledge?  He was a keen student of history and had a thorough knowledge of India’s glorious past.  He was immensely practical in his outlook and that helped him understand the then condition of our country.  After the passing away of his Guru and mentor, Sri Ramakrishna, he had gone on a pilgrimage of the entire country on foot.  He met people from every segment of the society, from the richest to the poorest, from the most learned to the most ignorant, from high caste priests to those condemned as the low caste, from Maharajas to penniless beggars.  The firsthand knowledge which he gained through his explorations gave him a complete understanding of our country including the causes for its downfall.  Being a visionary and endowed with an extraordinary intellect and even a more feeling heart, he could find out the cure for India’s maladies and for restoring her to her former glory.  He predicted that India’s future glory would far surpass her past glory.  He felt deeply concerned and pained by the degradation of our country.  He said, “If there are holes in this national ship, this society of ours, we are its children, let us go and stop the holes. Let us gladly do it with our hearts' blood; and if we cannot, then let us die. We will make a plug of our brains and put them into the ship, but condemn it never.”  After a stay of four years in the West, during which he achieved extraordinary fame and recognition and was virtually lionized by the society; when he was about to depart for India, a Westerner asked him how he was feeling about returning to his motherland.  In reply he said, “India I loved before I came away.  Now the very dust of India has become holy to me, the very air is now to me holy; it is now the holy land, the place of pilgrimage, the Tirtha." 

Swami Vivekananda clearly identified the causes for our downfall, one of which was the neglect of the masses which he labeled as the great national sin.  He said, “The poor, the low, the sinner in India have no friends, no help – they cannot rise, try however they may.  They sink lower and lower every day, they feel the blows showered upon them by a cruel society, and they do not know whence the blow comes.”  He said that millions were oppressed in the name of religion and one of the chief causes of India’s ruin was the monopoly of education by a few belonging to the privileged classes. 

Swami Vivekananda said that the whole difference between the West and the East is in that, they are nations i.e. civilizations, whereas we are not.  While the higher classes in India and the West are the same, but there is infinite distance between the lower classes of these countries.  He lamented that for centuries people had been taught theories of degradation and have been told that they were nothing.  The masses have been repeatedly told that they are not human beings and frightened for centuries till that they have become animals.  Laziness, lack of energy, want of sympathy and appreciation for others were at the root of all miseries and that they should be given up. 

Another cause according to him was our exclusiveness. India went into her shell as the oyster does, and refused to give her jewels and her treasures to the other races of mankind, refused to give the life-giving truths to thirsting nations outside the Aryan fold.  He said that we shut ourselves from the outside world, did not go out and did not compare notes with other nations.  One of the drawbacks of our nation according to him was that it totally lacked in the faculty of organization and that we are altogether averse to making a common cause for anything.   He said that the first requisite for organisation was obedience which we lacked as a race.  He said, “In spite of the greatness of the Upanishads, in spite of our boasted ancestry of sages, compared to many other races, I must tell you that we are weak, very weak. First of all is our physical weakness. That physical weakness is the cause of at least one-third of our miseries. We are lazy, we cannot work; we cannot combine, we do not love each other; we are intensely selfish, not three of us can come together without hating each other, without being jealous of each other.”  According to him another major reason for India’s degradation was the trampling of the women.  He said that our country is one of the weakest in the world because Shakti was held in dishonor here.  In addition to the causes identified by Swamiji, corruption, particularly in public life has become yet another major cause.  But, then the solutions given by Swamiji cover this malady also. 

What is the way to regeneration?  The first step in this regard is uplifting the masses by restoring their lost individuality and faith in themselves.  Swami Vivekananda said that we should remember that the nation lives in the cottages and that no amount of politics will be of any avail until the masses of India are once more well educated, well fed and well cared for.  He said, “our mission is for the destitute, the poor, and the illiterate peasantry and labouring classes, and if, after everything has been done for them first, there is spare time, then only for the gentry.”  He said emphatically that we should feel proud of our past and derive our strength and inspiration from those glorious chapters of the bygone days.  Along with this he also advocated respect for the great men of the country.  He was of the firm view that material civilization was absolutely necessary to create work for the poor.  He said, “Bread! Bread! I do not believe in a God, who cannot give me bread here, giving me eternal bliss in heaven! Pooh! India is to be raised, the poor are to be fed,education is to be spread...”  He said that uplift of women deserves utmost priority and only after that can there be hope for any real good for the nation.  He said, “All nations have attained greatness by paying proper respect to women. That country and that nation which does not respect women has never become great”. 

Swami Vivekananda laid the greatest emphasis on education for the regeneration of our motherland.  He said, “Education, education, education alone! Travelling through many cities of Europe and observing in them the comforts and education of even the poor people, these brought to my mind the state of our own poor people, and I used to shed tears. What made the difference? Education was the answer I got.”  According to him, a nation is advanced in proportion as education is spread among the masses.  But, what was the education that he advocated?  According to him “education is the manifestation of perfection already in man and that what a man ‘learns’ is really what he ‘discovers’ by taking the cover off his own soul, which is a mine of infinite knowledge.”  Hence he said that our process of education should be such that it helps the students to manifest their innate knowledge and power.  He advocated a man-making character-building education.  He said, “We want that education by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded, and by which one can stand on one's own feet.”  He said that education must make the students self-reliant and help them face the challenges of life.  He was highly critical of the so-called educated who do not care for the poor and downtrodden.  He said, “So long as the millions live in hunger and ignorance, I hold every man a traitor who, having been educated at their expense, pays not the least heed to them.”  According to him, three things are necessary to make every man great, every nation great and that is we should have conviction in the powers of goodness, the absence of jealousy and suspicion and helping all those who are trying to be and do good. 

Swami Vivekananda had immense faith in the youth of this country and said that they would work out his ideas like lions. “That you may catch my fire, that you may be intensely sincere, that you may die the heroes' death on the field of battle — is the constant prayer of Vivekananda.”

essay 1,samveg ias ,dehradun

write an essay in 1000-1200 words.post your points in comment section.

Science and Technology for Human Development.

hints :following matter may be use ful


http://samvegias.blogspot.in/2015/01/text-of-pm-shri-narendra-modis-address.html

http://samvegias.blogspot.in/2015/01/shri-narendra-modi-to-inaugurate-102nd.html

understanding various term in question paper

Analyse
 Break an issue into its constituent parts. Look in depth at each part using supporting arguments
and evidence for and against as well as how these interrelate to one another.
Assess
 Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing
relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter-arguments as well.
Conclude by stating clearly how far you are in agreement with the original proposition.
Clarify
 Literally make something clearer and, where appropriate, simplify it. This could involve, for
example, explaining in simpler terms a complex process or theory, or the relationship between
two variables.
Comment upon
Pick out the main points on a subject and give your opinion, reinforcing your point of view using
logic and reference to relevant evidence, including any wider reading you have done.
Compare
 Identify the similarities and differences between two or more phenomena. Say if any of the
shared similarities or differences are more important than others. ‘Compare’ and ‘contrast’ will
often feature together in an essay question.
Consider
 Say what you think and have observed about something. Back up your comments using
appropriate evidence from external sources, or your own experience. Include any views which
are contrary to your own and how they relate to what you originally thought.
Contrast
Similar to compare but concentrate on the dissimilarities between two or more phenomena, or
what sets them apart. Point out any differences which are particularly significant.

Critically evaluate
Give your verdict as to what extent a statement or findings within a piece of research are true,
or to what extent you agree with them. Provide evidence taken from a wide range of sources
which both agree with and contradict an argument. Come to a final conclusion, basing your
decision on what you judge to be the most important factors and justify how you have made
your choice.
Define
To give in precise terms the meaning of something. Bring to attention any problems posed with
the definition and different interpretations that may exist.
Demonstrate
Show how, with examples to illustrate.
Describe
Provide a detailed explanation as to how and why something happens.
Discuss
 Essentially this is a written debate where you are using your skill at reasoning, backed up by
carefully selected evidence to make a case for and against an argument, or point out the
advantages and disadvantages of a given context. Remember to arrive at a conclusion.
Elaborate
To give in more detail, provide more information on.

Evaluate See the explanation for ‘critically evaluate’.
Examine
 Look in close detail and establish the key facts and important issues surrounding a topic. This
should be a critical evaluation and you should try and offer reasons as to why the facts and
issues you have identified are the most important, as well as explain the different ways they
could be construed.
Explain
Clarify a topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurs, or what is meant by the
use of this term in a particular context. Your writing should have clarity so that complex
procedures or sequences of events can be understood, defining key terms where appropriate,
and be substantiated with relevant research.
Explore
 Adopt a questioning approach and consider a variety of different viewpoints. Where possible
reconcile opposing views by presenting a final line of argument.
Give anaccount of
Means give a detailed description of something. Not to be confused with ‘account for’ which
asks you not only what, but why something happened.
Identify
Determine what are the key points to be addressed and implications thereof.
Illustrate
A similar instruction to ‘explain’ whereby you are asked to show the workings of something,
making use of definite examples and statistics if appropriate to add weight to your explanation.
Interpret
Demonstrate your understanding of an issue or topic. This can be the use of particular
terminology by an author, or what the findings from a piece of research suggest to you. In the
latter instance, comment on any significant patterns and causal relationships.
Justify
Make a case by providing a body of evidence to support your ideas and points of view. In order
to present a balanced argument, consider opinions which may run contrary to your own before
stating your conclusion.
Outline
 Convey the main points placing emphasis on global structures and interrelationships rather
than minute detail.
Review
Look thoroughly into a subject. This should be a critical assessment and not merely descriptive.
Show how Present, in a logical order, and with reference to relevant evidence the stages and combinationof factors that give rise to something.
State To specify in clear terms the key aspects pertaining to a topic without being overly descriptive.
Refer to evidence and examples where appropriate.
Summarise Give a condensed version drawing out the main facts and omit superfluous information. Brief orgeneral examples will normally suffice for this kind of answer
To whatextent
Evokes a similar response to questions containing 'How far...'. This type of question calls for a
thorough assessment of the evidence in presenting your argument. Explore alternative
explanations where they exist

Analysis of ESSAY Paper of IAS Mains -2014,samveg ias dehradun

Dear Aspirants

We have been  saying  that it will be more logical that if  UPSC ask  two essay than one and discussed with students in detail.one essay with 250 marks was very challenging as if an aspirants is not able to deal with the topic properly (due to any reason),he will finish with 60-70 marks.But in case of two essay ,he will get one more opportunity to increase his score. Definitely you will see improvement in essay marks this year.

WE ALL SHOULD APPRECIATE THIS MOVE OF  UPSC.

UPSC has not touched many hot topic .

FOCUS was on Good governance,youth,education,elections,policy paralysis,string operation,Olympic, tourism