Manned Space Mission

Presently, the Government has approved development of a few critical technologies relevant for manned space mission, which also includes development of a Crew Module. ISRO has developed a Crew Module which is similar to the Crew Module of manned flight in terms of its Aerodynamic shape, Mass, Thermal protection system, Parachute system and certain aspects of the structure. The crew module will be tested for its re-entry performance during the experimental flight of GSLV-MkIII.             The details of the commercially successful space missions, in the last three years, year-wise are given below: 2012: ·      Launch of an earth observation satellite SPOT-6 (France) and a micro-satellite PROITERES (Japan) onboard PSLV-C21 on September 09, 2012. This was a dedicated commercial mission and the amount spent on this mission was `80 Crores. 2013: ·      Launch of 6 micro-satellites namely, STRAND-1 (UK), NLS-8.1 (Austria), NLS-8.2 (Austria), NLS-8.3 (Denmark), SAPPHIRE (Canada) and NEOSSAT (Canada) on board PSLV-C20 utilizing the spare capacity of PSLV-C20 on February 25, 2013. No additional amount was spent on this mission as these satellites have been launched as co-passengers. 2014: ·      Launch of an earth observation satellite SPOT-7 (France) along with 4 micro-satellites namely, AISAT (Germany), NLS-7.1 (Canada), NLS-7.2 (Canada) and VELOX-1 (Singapore) on board PSLV-C23 on June 30, 2014. This was a dedicated commercial mission and the amount spent on this mission was ` 80 Crore.             The protection of planet earth from approaching asteroids/celestial bodies is a global issue. ISRO has taken up studies in this area and is participating in various international forums like Inter Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee, Planetary Defense Conference etc., to address the issues and work out the mitigation plan. Various technical options considered and evaluated by international community to keep away asteroids from the Earth are Kinetic impact, Gravity Tractor, Solar concentrator and Laser deflection.