Climate Change Impacts Farm Sector Growth
The
year 2015 was a challenging one for the agriculture sector. It was the second consecutive
year of hardships for farmers owing to drought and inclement weather in several
parts of the country highlighting the urgency to address issues of climate
change. The concerns are carried forward in the coming year as currently rabi
sowing of wheat is lower by 20.23 lakh hectares than last year , the prices of
pulses and vegetables continue to rule high and towards sugarcane growers stand
at Rs. 5406 crore.
Southwest
monsoon was 14 per cent below normal of the Long Period Average in 2015 on the
back of 12 per cent deficiency in the previous year affecting the kharif crop.
The northeast monsoon that followed played havoc in Tamil Nadu and adjoining
region with unprecedented floods wiping out entire paddy and cash crops.
While
the production of pulses and oilseeds is perpetually short of demand for
several years now, this time there are concerns about the output of cereals.
Although the country is surplus in foodgrains as of now, experts point out that
with a legal commitment to provide at least 62.5 million tonnes of subsidized foodgrains
in the Targetted Public Distribution System under the National Food Security Act,
farmers are keeping their fingers crossed for good weather conditions to
achieve a good harvest. Sowing is still going on so hopes are high.
At
least nine states have declared drought-hit districts this year. These are
Karnataka, Chhattisgarh , Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Andhra
Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana and Jharkhand. Tamil Nadu, of course, has
flood-hit districts. Parts of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka
and Andhra Pradesh had been hit by drought during 2014-15 as well.
The
fourth advance estimates of foodgrains production in 2014-15 at 252.68 is
12.36 million tonnes lower than the output of 265.04 million tonnes in 2013-14.
This is due to a 6.91 million tonnes decline in the production of wheat . Rice too
was slightly lower. Pulses output went down from 19.24 million tonnes to 17.20
million in tonnes in 2014-15 leading to the crisis of unprecedented price rise
in these commodities. Tur prices, for instance, jumped up from Rs. 75 per
kilogram a year ago to Rs. 199 per kg and are still not under control. Not just
tur and urad, major pulses are selling in the retail market at almost Rs. 140
per kilogram. Efforts to nail in hoarders and blackmarketeers did not yield the
desired effect.
During
the year the government raised the minimum support price of major pulses by Rs.
275 per quintal. Time and again the government has had to intervene in the
market for onions and pulses this year. Even the prices of potato and tomatoes
have ruled high this year not to talk of the regular vegetables and fruits. At
the onset of the season peas were selling for as high as Rs 110 per kilogram.
To
tide over the situation the government has set up a Price Stabilisation Fund
with a corpus of Rs. 500 crore. Some of the funds were released this year for subsidised
sale of pulses for states who came up with innovative schemes to provide pulses
at affordable prices to Public Distribution System beneficiaries.
With
production estimates for 2015-16 still lower than the bumper crop of 2013-14,
the government has decided to create a buffer stock of 1.5 lakh tonnes of tur
and urad dals which will be procured directly from farmers at market rates.
To
mitigate the suffering from drought, the government came up with several
measures including taking 50 per cent of the damaged crop area into
consideration rather than mere 33 per cent and raising the relief amount by 50
per cent.
Reportedly
Maharashtra’s Marathwada region, which has been reeling under drought for last
four years, saw the highest number of suicides by distressed farmers this year.
The central government has given a drought relief of Rs. 3050 crore to the
state, followed by Rs. 2033 crore to Madhya Pradesh, Rs. 1540 crore to
Karnataka and Rs. 1672 crore to Chhattisgarh. The money will be given from the
National Disaster Relief Fund. Union Agriculture Minister Radha Mohan Singh blamed
states for tardy implementation of drought relief and delay in sending
memoranda of demand which led to farmers’ distress. “Implementation is in the
hands of states,’’ the Minister said.
Lower
rabi sowing this year has prompted the Agriculture Ministry to be ready with
Contingency Plan and be prepared to move seeds and fertilizers to the affected
region, Last year while the average deficiency in monsoon was 14 per cent, in
Punjab and Haryana it was to the tune of 17 per cent. Although these`states are
irrigation, pre-harvest inclement weather hurt standing crop.
Seeking
to address the issue of low productivity, the government has launched in a big
way the scheme to issue Soil Health Cards. It proposes to cover 14.40 crore
farmers in the next three years and has allocated Rs. 568.54 crore for the
project. The card will enable a farmer to get assessed his/her far, soil for
nutrient deficiency and fertilizer use. It will come with an advisory for the
farmer on how much fertilizer etc. be applied in each crop.
With
its focus on organic farming the government launched Paramparagat Krishi Vikas
Yojna which encourages cluster farming. The subsidy for organic manure was
raised to Rs. 300 from Rs. 100 per hectare.
About
60 per cent of India’s agriculture is dependent on timely and adequate rain
every year and recent droughts have only but emphasized the need for raising
irrigation potential for farming. Towards this end the government last year
launched the Prime Minister’s Krishi Sinchai Yojna which is meant to ensure
that more hectares are brought under irrigation. The budget allocation for this
was about Rs.5300 crore which includes the funds for the Accelerated
Integrated Benefit Programme. Agriculture Ministry says that about 1.55 lakh
hectares have been covered under drip and sprinkler project under this programme.
Crop
insurance and raising the income of farmers has been a long standing demand.
While the minimum support price of cereals, pulses and oilseeds were raised
substantially during the year, an adequate Crop Insurance Scheme is still
elusive. Replying to a debate in Parliament on Drought, Mr. Radha Mohan Singh
announced that the government will soon come up with a crop insurance scheme
that does not burden the farmer with high premiums and shall be more accurate
in assessing crop damage.
Knowledge
of markets and market intelligence is one area that can benefit farmers for
getting remunerative price for its produce. To this extent the government moved
towards setting up National Agriculture Market which will enable farmer to
offer his produce to any market through e-marketing.
During
the year the Ministry launched several mobile applications for farmers to
empower them. Crop Insurance application will help farmers find out the
insurance cover and the premium applicable to them. The “AgriMarket Mobile”
enables a farmer to get the market prices of crops in the mandi within 50 km
radius.
To
get over the problems of lack of mobiles and lack of connectivity in
hinterlands, the Agriculture Ministry has decided to make all its services
available through mobile platforms. Over two crore farmers are registered with
the Ministry for use of ‘mKisan’ portal for receiving SMS advisories on crops
and weather.
However,
there is no denying the fact that weather conditions hold the key for
agricultural growth and prosperity, more so in the coming year when concerns
about crop production, availability and prices will spill over. In 2015 while horticulture
and fisheries sector remained robust, farm sector growth decelerated due to continuously
bad weather. (EOM).
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