Achievement of Millennium Development Goals:
India is set to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) with respect to maternal and
child survival. The MDG target for Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is 140 per 100,000 live
births. From a baseline of 560 in 1990, the nation had achieved 178 by 2010-12, and at this
rate of decline is estimated to reach an MMR of 141 by 2015. In the case of under-5 mortality
rate (U5MR), the MDG target is 42. From a baseline of 126 in 1990, in 2012 the nation has an
U5MR of 52 and an extrapolation of this rate would bring it to 42 by 2015. This is particularly
creditable on a global scale where in 1990 India‟s MMR and U5MR were 47% and 40% above
the international average respectively. While the narrowing of these gaps and closure,
demonstrate a significant effort we could have done better. Notably, the rate of decline of
still-births and neonatal mortality has been lower than the child mortality on the whole. In
some states there is stagnation on these two indicators.
India is set to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) with respect to maternal and
child survival. The MDG target for Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is 140 per 100,000 live
births. From a baseline of 560 in 1990, the nation had achieved 178 by 2010-12, and at this
rate of decline is estimated to reach an MMR of 141 by 2015. In the case of under-5 mortality
rate (U5MR), the MDG target is 42. From a baseline of 126 in 1990, in 2012 the nation has an
U5MR of 52 and an extrapolation of this rate would bring it to 42 by 2015. This is particularly
creditable on a global scale where in 1990 India‟s MMR and U5MR were 47% and 40% above
the international average respectively. While the narrowing of these gaps and closure,
demonstrate a significant effort we could have done better. Notably, the rate of decline of
still-births and neonatal mortality has been lower than the child mortality on the whole. In
some states there is stagnation on these two indicators.
2.2.Achievements in Population Stabilization:
India has also shown consistent improvement in population stabilization, with a decrease in
decadal growth rates, both as a percentage and in absolute numbers. Twelve of the 21 large
States for which recent Total Fertility Rates (TFR) is available, have achieved a TFR of at or
below the replacement rate of 2.1 and three are likely to reach this soon. The challenge is now
in the remaining six states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and
Chhattisgarh but even here rates are declining. However these six States between them account
for 42 % of the national population and 56 % of the annual population increase. In the
remaining small States and Union Territories except Meghalaya, the Crude Birth Rate (CBR), is
less than 21 per 1000. The national TFR has declined from 2.9 to 2.4. The persistent challenge
on this front is the declining sex ratio.
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