4 March 2016

Mukesh Ambani richest Indian billionaire in Forbes 2016 list

Mukesh Ambani richest Indian billionaire in Forbes 2016 list

Mukesh Ambani, with a net worth of $19.3 billion, is ranked 36 worldwide and retained his position as India’s richest person
Reliance Industries Ltd chairman Mukesh Ambani once again tops the list of 84 Indian billionaires in the Forbes annual ranking of the world’s billionaires for 2016 announced on Tuesday. The 84 Indians to make it to the coveted Billionaires club include tycoons from diverse sectors ranging from real estate to auto to consumer goods and pharma.

Ambani, with a net worth of $19.3 billion, is ranked 36 worldwide and retained his position as India’s richest person.

The top 10 Indian billionaires

Ambani is followed by Indian pharma magnate Dilip Shanghvi of Sun Pharmaceuticals, with a net worth of $16.9 billion, who ranked number 2 among Indian billionaires.

In fact, the pharma sector dominates the list with 20 pharma billionaires. The list includes three pharma newcomers—Leena Tewari (ranked 54 with a net worth of $1.9 billion) of USV; Mannalal Agrawal (ranked 84 with a net worth of $1.35 billion) of Ajanta Pharma; and Chirayu Amin (ranked 93, with a net worth of $1.22 billion) of Alembic Pharma.

The next two spots are taken by tech tycoons Azim Premji and Shiv Nadar. Premji, chairman of Wipro Ltd, has a net worth of $15 billion and is third richest Indian billionaire. Premji is a philanthropist who has pledged nearly half of his stakeholding in Wipro to a charitable trust and has reportedly said that rich Indians must give away their wealth and not leave it for the next generation.

Shiv Nadar, co-founder of HCL Group, is the fourth Indian billionaire, with a net worth of $11.1. billion. Nadar’s newest venture is HCL TalentCare, a skills development firm that provides training to new graduates. Besides, he has also set up a $500 million fund with a partner to invest in start-ups and US healthcare tech firms.

At rank 5 is Cyrus Poonawalla, India’s vaccine king with a net worth of $8.5 billion. Poonawalla runs the Pune-based Serum Institute of India, which, according to Forbes, is expected to report record profits of $350 million on revenues of $600 million for the fiscal year ending March 2016. Poonawalla is investing $150 million to expand Serum’s capacity to make a range of new vaccines, including one for dengue

The next five billionaires are steel baron Laxmi Mittal, India’s first self-made billionaire banker Uday Kotak, Kumar Birla of the Aditya Birla group, Bharti Airtel’s Sunil Mittal and pharma company Lupin’s Desh Bandhu Gupta.

The debutant billionaires

Father and son Kapil and Rahul Bhatia’s debut on the Forbes billionaires list with a net worth of $3.1 billion is thanks to the October IPO of their InterGlobe Aviation, which owns IndiGo, India’s largest airline with a recent market cap of $4.3 billion. Rahul co-founded the airline a decade ago with airline veteran Rakesh Gangwal, also a billionaire. With its reputation for punctuality, the budget carrier flew past rivals.

The women billionaires

Five women make it to the Indian billionaires list. They are Savitri Jindal of the OP Jindal group; Indu Jain, the matriarch of Bennett, Coleman & Co.; Smita Crishna-Godrej, who belongs to the Godrej clan and makes her maiden appearance on the billionaires list by virtue of one-fifth stake in the family assets; Leena Tiwari, who owns privately-held Indian generics-maker USV, known for its drugs for diabetes and heart diseases; and Vinod Gupta, wife of Qimat Rai Gupta of Havells India, who died in November 2014. Gupta inherited her husband’s shares in the electrical firm, though she doesn’t hold an executive or board position.

The bird billionaire

Then, there are those who have made it to the list because of their lineage. For instance, bird lover and photographer Rishad Naoroji is the low-profile cousin of Indian billionaire Adi Godrej, who gets his fortune from one-fifth share of the Godrej family assets. The wildlife enthusiast, who has never been involved in business, founded the Raptor Research and Conservation Foundation to focus on the conservation of Asian birds of prey and sits on the governing council of the Bombay Natural History Society.

For the entire list of Indian billionaires, see here.


The youngest billionaires

The Bansals of Flipkart—Sachin and Binny—are the youngest Indians to make it to the list. With a net worth of 1.2 billion, the Bansal duo has been instrumental in transforming Flipkart as the country’s top e-commerce retailer with 30 million products, 46 million registered users and 8 million shipments a month. Sachin recently became chairman and will reportedly oversee Flipkart’s public listing, according to the magazine.

19-year-old Alexandra Andresen of Norway is the world’s youngest billionaire with a net worth of $1.2 billion. She and her 20-year-old sister Katharina came into 10-figure fortunes when their father, Johan Andresen, transferred each of them 42% of family-owned investment company Ferd. The Andresen family has been a household name in Norway for over 100 years, primarily known for their tobacco brand, Tiedemanns.

The world’s top billionaires

Microsoft’s Bill Gates remains the richest person in the world with a net worth of $75 billion, despite being poorer by $4.2 billion than a year ago. He has held the number one slot for three years in a row. Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg had the best year of all billionaires. The 31-year-old added $11.2 billion to his fortune taking it to a staggering $44.6 billion that helped him move up to number 6 from 16. He and Amazon’s Jeff Bezos make their first appearance in the top 10 ranking. 

Oscars 2016: Leonardo DiCaprio and all the other winners

Oscars 2016: Leonardo DiCaprio and all the other winners

The 88th Academy Awards ceremony came to an end with Spotlight winning the best picture award, and Leonardo DiCaprio finally clinching the Oscar in the best actor category (to the delight and relief of many). Here’s a full list of all the winners:
Best Picture
Spotlight

Best Actor
Leonardo DiCaprio—The Revenant
Best Actress
Brie Larson—‘Room’
Best Director
Alejandro Iñárritu—The Revenant

AND THE OSCAR GOES TO...

  • Four nominations and some spectacular performances later, actor Leonardo DiCaprio finally won the Best Actor award for his role as a fur trapper left for dead in The Revenant. Four nominations and some spectacular performances later, actor Leonardo DiCaprio finally won the Best Actor award for his role as a fur trapper left for dead in The Revenant.
  • Spotlight won the Best Picture award. The movie  recreates the Boston Globe’s probe of sex abuse in the Catholic Church.Spotlight won the Best Picture award. The movie recreates the Boston Globe’s probe of sex abuse in the Catholic Church.
  • Alejandro G. Inarritu accepts the award for best director for “The Revenant”. Iñárritu had also won best director last year for “Birdman,” which also won the 2015 best picture Academy Award. With this he has become the first filmmaker in more than 60 years to win a back-to-back director’s Oscar. Alejandro G. Inarritu accepts the award for best director for “The Revenant”. Iñárritu had also won best director last year for “Birdman,” which also won the 2015 best picture Academy Award. With this he has become the first filmmaker in more than 60 years to win a back-to-back director’s Oscar.
  • Brie Larson won the best actress Oscar for her role as a young woman held hostage for years with a young son in the emotional thriller “Room.” This is the actor’s first nomination. Brie Larson won the best actress Oscar for her role as a young woman held hostage for years with a young son in the emotional thriller “Room.” This is the actor’s first nomination.
  • Alicia Vikander won the best supporting actress Oscar on Sunday for her role as the wife of a transgender artist in “The Danish Girl.” Alicia Vikander won the best supporting actress Oscar on Sunday for her role as the wife of a transgender artist in “The Danish Girl.”
  • Mark Rylance beat presumed favorite and “Creed” actor Sylvester Stallone to win the Academy Award for best supporting actor for “Bridge of Spies.” Mark Rylance beat presumed favorite and “Creed” actor Sylvester Stallone to win the Academy Award for best supporting actor for “Bridge of Spies.”
Best Original Screenplay
Spotlight
Best Adapted Screenplay
The Big Short
Best Supporting Actress
Alicia Vikander – The Danish Girl
Best Costume Design
Mad Max: Fury Road (Jenny Beavan)
Best Production Design
Mad Max: Fury Road
Best Make-up and Hairstyling
Mad Max: Fury Road
Best Cinematography
The Revenant
Best Animated Feature Film
Inside Out
Best Supporting Actor
Mark Rylance – Bridge of Spies
Best Foreign Language Film
Son of Saul (Hungary)
Best Live Action Short Film
Benjamin Cleary and Serena Armitage
Best Documentary Feature
Amy
Asif Kapadia and James Gay-Rees

Best Documentary Short Subject
A Girl in the River: The Price of Forgiveness
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy
Best Animated Short Film
Bear Story
Gabriel Osorio and Pato Escala
Best Original Song
“Writing’s On The Wall” from Spectre
Music and Lyric by Jimmy Napes and Sam Smith
Best Original Score
The Hateful Eight
Ennio Morricone
Best Visual Effects
Ex Machina
Andrew Whitehurst, Paul Norris, Mark Ardington and Sara Bennett
Best Sound Mixing
Mad Max: Fury Road
Chris Jenkins, Gregg Rudloff and Ben Osmo
Best Sound Editing
Mad Max: Fury Road
Mark Mangini and David White
Best Film Editing
Mad Max: Fury Road
Margaret Sixel

Panel proposes 70% reduction in royalty on GM cotton seeds

Panel proposes 70% reduction in royalty on GM cotton seeds

The nine-member cotton seed price control committee has recommended a maximum sale price of Rs800 for a 450g packet of Bollgard II Bt cotton seeds

A government panel on genetically modified Bt cotton has recommended a steep reduction in royalty fees payable to technology companies, and lower seed prices.
If accepted, the recommendations will benefit nearly 8 million cotton farmers in India, but may raise concerns about how India views its intellectual property rights regime. They will deal a blow to technology providers such as Mahyco Monsanto Biotech (India) Pvt. Ltd (MMBL).
The nine-member cotton seed price control committee, formed by the centre on 27 January, has recommended a maximum sale price of Rs.800 for a 450g packet of Bollgard II Bt cotton seeds.
The packets are currently sold for Rs.830 per packet in Maharashtra, Rs.930 in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and Rs.1,100 in northern states such as Punjab and Haryana.
Further, the committee has suggested a 70% drop in royalty fees that domestic seed companies pay to providers of the patented genetically modified technology.
The panel has suggested a reduction in trait fees from Rs.163 per packet to Rs.49 per packet, a person aware of the development said, requesting anonymity.
The decision was taken at a meeting held on Wednesday, the person added.
Domestic seed companies are set to gain from this order, as they will be paying lower trait or royalty fees to technology providers such as MMBL.
MMBL, a joint venture between Mahyco Seeds Ltd and Monsanto Co., a global technology provider of GM seeds, licenses its patented Bollgard II Bt cotton seed technology to 49 seed companies in India in exchange for a royalty fee.
Over 90% of the cotton grown in India is based on this technology.
The recommendations of the committee have been sent for the agriculture minister’s approval and a final decision will be taken soon, the person cited above said.
The committee suggested the steep reduction in royalty as the Bollgard II technology’s ability to resist pest attacks has weakened over the years, the person said, adding, “as farmers’ crops in several states have been damaged by the pink bollworm, the committee thought they must not be paying a high price for the technology”.
A drastic reduction in trait fees could mean substantial losses for MMBL. The company, in an emailed response, said it does not comment on the specifics of its financials.
According to domestic lobby National Seed Association of India, MMBL collectedRs.4,479 crore in royalty fees between 2005-06 and 2014-15.
“All amounts collected towards trait value till date are in accordance with payment terms that form part of extensively negotiated private contracts with the respective seed companies,” an MMBL spokesperson said, adding that “it is also important to note that the trait fees at current levels only constitute 1-2% of farmers’ cost of cultivation and are also the lowest in the world”.
The centre’s approach seems to be ham-handed, and the government should respect contracts between companies and on patented technologies, said Avinash Kishore, a research fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute, Delhi.
“The recent round of price controls in pharmaceuticals and cotton seed is like going back to the (pre-liberalization) control raj days,” he adds.
The agriculture ministry on 7 December last year issued a price control order to bring uniformity in Bt cotton seed prices, as several states such as Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana brought in their own price control orders.
The other reason, according to the ministry, is to make Bt cotton seeds affordable for farmers.
MMBL has petitioned the Delhi high court to quash certain provisions in the price control order, specifically those allowing the centre to determine royalty fees. The court will hear the case on 4 March.
On 27 November last year the agriculture ministry approached the Competition Commission of India (CCI) against MMBL, alleging that the company was charging unfair trait or royalty fees for its Bollgard II technology.
CCI ordered an investigation on 17 February after a preliminary finding that MMBL abused its dominant position in the seed market by setting unfair and high trait fees.
India approved the genetically modified Bt cotton technology for commercial cultivation in 2002. The selling point of the technology was its resistance to the bollworm pest that reduced use of pesticides. While the technology helped India become the world’s second largest producer and exporter from a net importer of cotton, in recent years, resistance of Bt cotton to pest attacks has become a recurring issue.

1 March 2016

Budget 2016 goes for prudence over populism

Budget 2016 goes for prudence over populism

Fiscal consolidation implies that the budget will at best preserve growth
In the past four years, the gap between budgeted and actual fiscal deficit has narrowed to zilch, underscoring that budget-making in India has clearly become more accurate.
That’s in stark contrast to the frequent overshooting seen before.
True, there has been some deviation from the goals envisaged under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act to support investment activity. But the overall direction has been the correct one of consolidation: fiscal deficit as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) narrowed to 3.9% in 2015-16 from 4.9% in 2012-13, and revenue deficit as a percentage of GDP has come down to 2.5% from 3.6%.
What’s good to see is that unlike between 2012-13 and 2014-15, fiscal consolidation in 2015-16 is not being achieved by paring capital spending but through subsidy reduction afforded by sharply lower crude prices. This has improved the spending mix of the government with a tilt towards infrastructure.
So, what lowered the fiscal deficit? Structural and transitory factors. This differentiation is important because structural factors would result in long-term deficit reduction and easing of interest rates, while transitory factors merely provide short-term relief. Savings on oil subsidy and additional revenues from higher excise duties on oil are clearly transitory factors.
To be sure, these have helped offset the shortfall in direct tax collections because of weak manufacturing activity, poor corporate performance, increased food subsidy, and lower-than-anticipated nominal growth. Nominal GDP growth was 8.6% in fiscal 2016 against 11.5% assumed in the budget.
As for crude prices, they are expected to average $10 per barrel lower next fiscal compared with $45 in the current one.
This means the transitory benefit of lower oil prices will continue and afford an offset to the extra spending being made based on the One Rank One Pension and Seventh Pay Commission recommendations. Increased excise duty on oil will benefit the next fiscal year more, because these came into effect only from November 2015.
And what are the structural factors aiding the fiscal math? Improved coverage and higher tax on services. In the current fiscal, service tax collections were marginally higher than budgeted despite slowing growth in the services sector.
Another structural factor that has imposed the culture of fiscal discipline is the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, which has been a moral compass for the government this year, too.
As tasks go, fiscal consolidation is an onerous one in an environment of intensifying headwinds to growth. Yet, and to the Narendra Modi-led government’s credit, the budget for 2016-17 sticks to the commitment made under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act by keeping the fiscal deficit target at 3.5% of GDP.
The overall budgetary arithmetic also looks credible. Based on 11% nominal GDP growth assumption, tax revenue growth of 12% is realistic.
The two sources of risk to the fiscal deficit target are the forthcoming spectrum auction and divestments. The experience of the past few years and the state of the markets suggests that the government will need to frontload its divestment efforts to meet the goal.
Fiscal consolidation also implies that the budget will at best preserve growth. It will not pump-prime the economy but, at the same time, it does open the doors for repo rate cuts in 2016. The upshot is that we see real GDP growth at 7.9% next fiscal if the monsoon is normal and the global situation does not deteriorate much from here.
However, for durable fiscal consolidation, it is necessary to structurally reduce the fiscal deficit. In the context, the case for raising revenue buoyancy is far stronger than that for cutting expenditure.
Government spending will have a critical role in improving both social and physical infrastructure, and provision of subsidies to the needy. There is certainly scope for the restructuring of government expenditure towards investment and better targeting subsidies using the Aadhaar platform.
Two characteristics of tax collections in India make us believe that the way to fiscal consolidation is through revenues. While India’s expenditure to GDP ratio is comparable with other emerging economies, its revenue collection to GDP lags (International Monetary Fund, 2014).
The root cause of high deficits is, therefore, the low revenue yield of the government. The problem has been exacerbated by the fall in gross tax revenue from 12% of GDP to 10% between fiscals 2008 and 2015. By merely restoring the tax to GDP ratio to 12%, fiscal deficit will be halved to 2%—or approximately 100 basis points below the ultimate Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management target of 3%.
This budget has focused more on the redistributive side of taxation by making it more progressive. Future ones will need to do much more structurally and improve tax collections.

A Curtain Raiser on National Science Day 2016

A Curtain Raiser on National Science Day 2016
National Council for Science & Technology Communication (NCSTC) Division of the Department of Science & Technology is celebrating tomorrow to mark the National Science day.

National Science Day (NSD) is celebrated every year on 28th February to commemorate the discovery of the ‘Raman Effect’, a Nobel Prize winning discovery by Sir C.V. Raman. The theme of NSD-2016 is“Make in India: S&T driven Innovations’’. NSD Theme has been chosen for the purpose of raising public appreciation of scientific issues involved.

The Union Minister of Science & Technology and Ministry of Earth Sciences Dr. Harsh Vardhan will be the Chief Guest and the Minister of State, for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Shri Y.S. Chowdary will preside over the function. On this occasion both the Ministers will bestow the awards to the awardees, for their outstanding contribution in communication of science and technology and promoting science in nation Building for the year 2015.

NCSTC acts as a nodal agency to support catalyze and coordinate celebration of the National Science Day throughout the country in scientific institutions and research laboratories. NCSTC supports various programmes through grants-in-aid to State S&T Councils & Departments for organization of lectures, quizzes, open houses, etc,. Celebrations of important Scientific Days bring scientific awareness in the community. Many institutions also organize open house for their laboratories and apprise students about career opportunities available in the field of science & technology to mark this occasion.

National Council for Science & Technology Communication has instituted national awards in 1987 to stimulate, encourage and recognize outstanding efforts in the area of science popularization and communication and promoting scientific temper. The awardees for 2015 have been selected and Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala and Dr. Kuldeep Chander Sharma, Udhampur for the National Award for Outstanding Efforts in Science & Technology Communication. The award consists of Rs.2,00,000/- (Rupees two lakh), a memento and a citation. Prof. Shashanka Mohan Bose, Chandigarh, Dr. G. Ganesan, Rajapalayam and Shri R. Sivaraman, Chennai being the National Award for Outstanding Efforts in Science & Technology Communication through Print Media including Books and Magazines. The award consists of Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees one lakh), a memento and a citation. Shri Pallava Bagla, Delhi being the National Award for Outstanding Efforts in Science & Technology Communication in the Electronic Medium. The award consists of Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees one lakh), a memento and a citation. Dr. V. Rajendran, Tiruchengode, Vasundhara Public Charitable Trust, Sindhudurg, Shri Gurmeet Singh, Kapurthala for the National Award for Outstanding Efforts in Science & Technology Popularization among Children. The award consists of Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees one lakh), a memento and a citation. Science & Tech Siri Voluntary Organisation, Warangal being the National Award for Outstanding Efforts in Science & Technology Communication through Innovative and Traditional methods. The award consists of Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees one lakh), a memento and a citation. 

Indo-Seychelles Joint Training 'Ex Lamitye' concludes

Indo-Seychelles Joint Training 'Ex Lamitye' concludes
Exercise ‘Lamitye – 2016’, seventh in the series of Indo-Seychelles Joint Training Exercises, was conducted from 15 to 28 February 2016 at Victoria, Mahe Island, Seychelles with an aim to improve interoperability between both Armies in jointly fighting Counter Insurgency / Counter Terrorism. The Indian contingent comprised of an infantry platoon and representatives from the Special Forces. The Seychelles People’s Defence Forces (SPDF) was represented by the Tazar (Special Forces Unit) and Seychelles Infantry. A total of 52 personnel from the SPDF took part in the exercise, including 20 Tazar (Special Forces Unit) personnel. ‘Exercise Lamitye’ meaning ‘Friendship in Creole’ has been a bridge between the Armed Forces of India and SPDF since 2001. Focused on interoperability in drills pertaining to Counter Insurgency & Counter Terrorism, a number of activities and exercises were conducted during the joint training.

‘Exercise Sea Hunt’, was an apt culmination , wherein Cordon & Search operations were enmeshed with hostage rescue operations in an Anti-Piracy setting at Cape Ternay, with realistic orchestration of events extending over two days in an urban insurgency environment.

Brigadier Leopold Payet, Chief of Seychelles Defence Forces, H.E. Mr. Sanjay Panda, High Commissioner of India to Seychelles, Lieutenant Colonel Gudur, Military Attache, High Commission of India to Seychelles and Observer Delegation from Indian Army consisting of senior officers were present during the closing ceremony held on 29 February 2016. Senior military Commanders after a detailed briefing and interaction with troops expressed their satisfaction on the level of synergy and interoperability achieved between the two contingents.

The officers and soldiers of SPDF were highly appreciative of the high standards of training and operational capability of the Indian Army. The joint training was an ideal platform for fostering jointmanship and interoperability between the defence forces of both the countries. 

EESL Reaches Milestone of Distribution of 7 Crore LED Bulbs on Budget Day

EESL Reaches Milestone of Distribution of 7 Crore LED Bulbs on Budget Day

Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) has distributed over seven crore LED bulbs to the citizens of the country under the Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme (DELP). The milestone was achieved on the Budget Day. The scheme, implemented by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), under the Ministry of Power, has been adopted by over 2.3 crore people across 11 states in the country.  

EESL has taken only 19 days to distribute the last crore since the six crore milestone was achieved in early February.

With the distribution of seven crore LED bulbs, the Government has helped India avoid peak demand of over 2,085 MW and an estimated energy savings of more than 2.4 crore kWh per day. India has committed to a significant reduction in carbon emissions and this scheme plays a pivotal role in achieving it.

The Government stands committed to achieving the target of changing 77 crore incandescent bulbs in the residential sector to energy efficient LED by March 2019. The target will lead to an expected reduction in installed load of 20,000 MW with an annual estimated savings of over 100 million kWh.

Currently, the Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme (DELP) scheme is fully operational in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry, Jharkhand and Uttrakhand. More states and UTs including Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Bihar will be launching the national programme shortly.
BACKGROUNDER

The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated the DELP scheme in January 2015, to be executed across 100 cities. Through this scheme, residential consumers are provided with high quality LED bulbs given at a concessional rate of Rs.100-105 as against the market price of Rs 350 to 450. The DELP scheme has also significantly impacted the market price of LED bulbs, through a combination of aggregation and transparent procurement.  EESL has  been able to procure LED bulbs for Rs 73 as of June 2015 , down from Rs 310 in February, 2014, a reduction of over 75%. 

The target of the DELP is to replace all the 77 crore incandescent bulbs sold in India by LEDs. This will result in reduction of 20,000 MW load, energy savings of 100 billion KWh and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions savings of 80 million tons every year. The annual saving in electricity bills of consumers will be Rs. 40,000 crore, considering average tariff of Rs. 4 per kWh.

DELP Dashboard:
National DELP Dashboard is an integrated, real-time, and web-based dashboard which dynamically refreshes at an interval of 15-sec to display in real-time, number of LEDs distributed at national level. This is achieved by aggregating real-time feeds from multiple states where DELP is ongoing. The progress of scheme can be tracked on http://www.delp.in/

MICROSITE:
Through www.iledtheway.in microsite, consumers can take a pledge of switching to LED bulbs, which are safer, brighter and consume less energy. The Microsite visitors can join the movement by simply clicking “Take a Pledge” tab which is prominently displayed on the homepage.

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UKPCS2012 FINAL RESULT SAMVEG IAS DEHRADUN

    Heartfelt congratulations to all my dear student .this was outstanding performance .this was possible due to ...